皖南地区肾综合征出血热的流行及临床特征分析

Epidemic and clinical characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in southern Anhui Province

目的分析并研究皖南地区2010—2020年肾综合征出血热(Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)的流行情况及临床特征。方法收集整理2010—2020年在皖南医学院弋矶山医院住院的HFRS患者的流行病学资料和临床资料,并进行统计分析。结果皖南地区HFRS流行的时间分布特点为:春、夏两季是皖南地区HFRS的高发时间段,6月份是发病高峰期;人群分布特点为:患者男女比例为4.69∶1,男性发病率为2.61/10万,女性发病率为0.58/10万,男女发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=57.932,P<0.001)。患者主要年龄段为40~50岁(50例,33.80%),患者以农民居多(87例,58.78%)。皖南地区HFRS患者的临床特征为:主要临床症状为发热、腰痛、纳差乏力、腹泻、呕吐、头痛等,88.52%的HFRS患者临床转归为治愈和好转。结论2010—2020年间皖南地区HFRS高发时间段为春、夏两季。皖南地区HFRS男性发病率显著高于女性,HFRS患者临床症状较为典型,预后良好。

Objective To analyze and study the epidemic and clinical characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Southern Anhui Province during 2010 to 2020.Methods The epidemiological and clinical data of HFRS patients hospitalized in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from 2010 to 2020 were collected and statistically analyzed.Results The temporal distribution of HFRS in Southern Anhui Province showed that HFRS were more frequent during spring and summer,and HFRS morbidity was highest in June.The population distribution characteristics showed that the ratio of male to female patients was 4.69∶1,the morbidity of male was 2.61/100000 and 0.58/100000 for female,there were statistic significance between the morbidity of male and female(χ^(2)=57.932,P<0.001).The main age group of patients was 40-50 years old(50 cases,33.80%),and a majority of patients farmers(87 cases,58.78%).Analysis of clinical characteristics showed that fever,backache,anorexia and hypodynamia,diarrhea,emesis and headache were the main frequent symptoms of HFRS patients,and 88.52%of HFRS patients were cured or improved.Conclusion The high incidence period of HFRS is spring and summer in Southern Anhui Province from 2010 to 2020.Male were significantly vulnerable to HFRS than female.HFRS patients have typical clinical symptoms and good progonosis.