青海省高原地区18岁及以上人群食肉饮食致血脂异常与肥胖相关性研究

Relationship between dyslipidemia and obesity caused by meat-eating diet among people aged 18 and over in plateau areas of Qinghai

目的分析青海省高原地区18岁及以上人群食肉饮食致血脂异常与肥胖相关性。方法研究选取青海省高原地区多体检中心18岁及以上受试对象共396例纳入研究分析,使用常规问卷调查收集调查对象的一般人口学资料、超重和肥胖及危险因素信息。同时根据BMI水平计算肥胖的发生率。结果高海拔居住者血脂异常比例(35.68%、38.96%、41.78%、33.80%、35.21%)比低海拔居住者(23.49%、21.85%、25.68%、25.68%、19.67%)更高;男性群体血脂异常比例(21.39%、18.90%、16.91%、15.92%、22.38%)比女性(13.33%、11.28%、8.20%、9.23%、14.35%)更高;60~80岁群体血脂异常比例(32.51%、21.47%、23.31%、20.24%、25.15%)比18~44岁(18.67%、2.48%、12.00%、2.48%、14.67%)、45~59岁群体(16.45%、12.02%、13.92%、10.75%、14.55%)更高;肥胖人群血脂异常率(27.43%、24.77%、25.66%、8.84%、28.31%)比低体重(20.51%、6.87%、6.87%、15.38%、16.67%)、正常体重(10.14%、7.24%、4.34%、4.34%、5.79%)及超重群体(16.91%、14.70%、11.76%、12.50%、13.23%)更高;大专及以上群体血脂异常率(4.76%、5.95%、5.35%、4.76%、4.16%)比小学及初中(12.94%、10.58%、8.23%、7.05%、5.88%)、高中/中专(18.18%、18.88%、13.28%、14.68%、16.78%)更低(P<0.05);在肉食平均摄入量方面,肥胖群体摄入超标/过少比例(55.15%、33.82%)比非肥胖人群(16.54%、26.15%)更高,肥胖群体摄入正常比例(11.03%)比非肥胖人群(57.31%)更低;血脂正常群体摄入超标/过少比例(18.05%、26.35%)比血脂异常人群(53.78%、26.05%)更低,血脂正常群体摄入正常比例(55.60%)比血脂异常人群(20.17%)更高(P<0.05);以血脂是否异常为因变量,以肉食摄入超标/过少为自变量进行回归分析,研究结果显示,肉食摄入超标/过少均为导致血脂异常的危险因素(OR=1.134、1.146,P<0.05);以是否肥胖为因变量,以肉食摄入超标/过少为自变量进行回归分析,研究结果显示,肉食摄入超标/过少均为导致肥胖的危险因素(OR=1.145、1.327,P<0.05)。结论高原地区18岁及以上人群饮食特征不稳定,血脂异常发生率为30.05%,肥胖发生率为34.34%,肉类食物摄入超标或过少均与该人群血脂异常与肥胖之间存在关联。

Objective To analyze the correlation between dyslipidemia and obesity caused by carnivorous diet among people aged 18 and over in the plateau area of Qinghai Province.Methods This study selected 396 subjects aged 18 and above from the multi-physical examination centers in Qinghai Province to be included in the analysis.Routine questionnaires were used to collect general demographic data,overweight and obesity and risk factors information of the subjects.At the same time,the incidence of obesity was calculated based on the BMI level.Results The proportion of abnormal lipids in high altitude residents(35.68%,38.96%,41.78%,33.80%,35.21%)was higher than that in low altitude residents(23.49%,21.85%,25.68%,25.68%,19.67%).The proportion of abnormal lipids in male group(21.39%,18.90%,16.91%,15.92%,22.38%)was higher than that in female group(13.33%,11.28%,8.20%,9.23%,14.35%).The proportion of abnormal lipids in 60-80 years old group(32.51%,21.47%,23.31%,20.24%,25.15%)was higher than that in 18-44 years old group(18.67%,2.48%,12.00%,2.48%,14.67%)and 45-59 years old group(16.45%,12.02%,13.92%,10.75%,14.55%).The rate of dyslidemia in obese people(27.43%,24.77%,25.66%,8.84%,28.31%)was higher than that in underweight people(20.51%,6.87%,6.87%,15.38%,16.67%),normal weight people(10.14%,7.24%,4.34%,4.34%,5.79%)and the overweight group(16.91%,14.70%,11.76%,12.50%,13.23%)was higher.The rate of dyslidemia in junior college and above group(4.76%,5.95%,5.35%,4.76%,4.16%)was higher than that in primary school and middle school(12.94%,10.58%,8.23%,7.05%,5.88%).High school/technical secondary school(18.18%,18.88%,13.28%,14.68%,16.78%)were lower(P<0.05).In terms of average intake of meat,the proportion of overweight/underintake in obese group(55.15%,33.82%)was higher than that in non-obese group(16.54%,26.15%),and the proportion of normal intake in obese group(11.03%)was lower than that in non-obese group(57.31%).The proportion of excessive/low intake in normal group(18.05%,26.35%)was lower than that in dyslipidemia group(53.78%,26.05%),and the proportion of normal intake in normal group(55.60%)was higher than that in dyslipidemia group(20.17%)(P<0.05).With abnormal blood lipid as the dependent variable and excessive/low meat intake as the independent variable,the regression analysis showed that both excessive/low meat intake were risk factors for abnormal blood lipid(OR=1.134,1.146,P<0.05).Taking obesity as the dependent variable and excessive/low meat intake as the independent variable,the regression analysis showed that both excessive/low meat intake were risk factors for obesity(OR=1.145,1.327,P<0.05).Conclusion The dietary characteristics of people aged 18 and over in the plateau area are unstable.The incidence of dyslipidemia is 30.05%,and the incidence of obesity is 34.34%.Excessive or too little meat intake is associated with dyslipidemia and obesity in this population.