关于解释学的普遍性问题——围绕伽达默尔一个比喻或意象的分析

On the Universality of Hermeneutics :An Analysis of a Metaphor or Image by Gadamer

解释学的普遍性是伽达默尔追求的目标,这种普遍性体现为两个方面:解释学经验的普遍性和语言的普遍性,二者是不可分的一体两面。解释学经验的普遍性在伽达默尔那里主要体现为经验的不断肯定所带来的本质直观,以及经验的否定所带来的理解的开放、扩展;对于他来讲,人的世界的经验就是解释学的经验,它是一种辩证地不断地由局部走向普遍的过程,这也是人不同于神的理解世界或宇宙的方式。解释学语言的普遍性在伽达默尔那里主要指我们对于世界经验的理解离不开语言这个中介或媒介,只要理解发生,它就一定是语言的,在语言之中的,否则无法想象。伽达默尔解释学的经验的普遍性也就是解释学语言的普遍性,而哈贝马斯对他的批评只能是补充而不能从根本上颠覆伽达默尔的这一观点。

The universality of hermeneutics is Gadamer’s goal.This universality is reflected in two inseparable aspects:the universality of hermeneutic experience and the universality of language.The universality of hermeneutic experience in Gadamer is mainly reflected in the essential intuition brought by the continuous affirmation of experience and the openness and expansion of understanding brought by the negation of experience.For him,the experience of man’s world is the experience of hermeneutics.It is a dialectical process from local to universal levels,which is also the different way for man to understand the world or the universe.The universality of hermeneutic language in Gadamer mainly means that our understanding of world experience is inseparable from the intermediary role or medium of language.As long as understanding occurs,it must be language,and in language,otherwise it can’t be imagined.The universality of Gadamer’s hermeneutic experience is the universality of hermeneutic language,and Habermas criticism of Gadamer can only be a supplement rather than a fundamental subversion of Gadamer’s view.