法律保留抑或立法保留:对《立法法》第八条第九条的合宪性考察

Law Reservation or Legislation Reservation:On the Constitutionality Investigation of Article 8,Article 9 of the Legislation Law

法律保留直接关涉行政法治实现和公民基本权利保障,对全面推进依法治国、依法行政具有重要的时代意义。《中华人民共和国宪法》(下称《宪法》)缺乏一般性的法律保留规定,仅有个别零散的特别保留,缺乏精神统摄。首次系统性规定法律保留制度的《中华人民共和国立法法》(下称《立法法》)使命重大。然而,作为界定中国法律保留和立法保留范围直接依据的《立法法》第八条和第九条,一直存在着诸多逻辑矛盾和宪法冲突,至今仍未得以有效疏解,严重桎梏中国法律保留制度的健康生长。本文从法律属性、立法权限界分和保留事项范围的视角切入,对《立法法》法律保留的制度冲突进行多维度合宪性剖析考察,以期探寻更为妥适的中国化法律保留制度。

Law reservation is directly related to the realization of administrative rule of law and the protection of citizens'basic rights.It is of great significance to comprehensively promote the rule of law and law-based administration.The Constitution of the People's Republic of China(hereinafter the Constitution)lacks general law reservations.It only has a few individually scattered special reservations.The Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China(hereinafter the Legislation Law)systematically provides law reservation system for the first time.It undertakes a great mission.However,as the direct criterion about defining the scope between law reservation and legislation reservation,Article 8 and Article 9 of the Legislation Law have many logical contradictions and constitutional conflicts.So far,they have not been effectively resolved,and have been seriously fettered the healthy growth of China's law reservation system.This paper starts from the angle of legal attributes,legislative power limits and scope of reserved items.In order to explore a more appropriate localized law reservation system,it analyzes and investigates the constitutionality of the system conflicts of law reservation of the Legislation Law.