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论乾隆时期清朝统治者的“满洲”认同及其政治诉求--以官修礼书为中心的考察

A Study on the“Manchu”Identity of Rulers during Qianlong’s Reign in Qing Dynasty and Their Political Aspirations--Focusing on the Official Ritual Books
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摘要 中国历代王朝统治者在功成治定之后皆重视礼制建设,其原因在于官方礼仪的象征功能所带来的神圣性与权威性无可替代。其中,神圣性来源于传统礼制所蕴含的“天道”与“人道”相贯通的礼仪,以及礼仪展演所营造的神秘而庄严的氛围,权威性则源自统治者所独占的沟通“神人两界”的绝对权力,统治者的文化认同与政治诉求正是通过礼仪文本书写和仪式展演来获得其神圣性与合法性的。乾隆朝统治者在前代礼制建设的基础之上,通过礼书修纂进行礼制变革,向传统礼制中注入了“国语骑射”、满洲礼仪,以及衣冠服饰、满洲族源神话等全新文化元素,进而强化“满洲”认同,其根本政治诉求则是构建清朝统治的合法性。 The rulers of the successive dynasties of China all attached importance to the construction of the ritual system after the success of the ruling.The reason is that the sacredness and authority brought by the symbolic function of official ceremonies are irreplaceable.Among them,the sacredness comes from the ritual meaning of the“Way of Heaven”and“Humanity”contained in the traditional ritual system and the mysterious and solemn atmosphere created by the ritual performance.Authority comes from the absolute power of the rulers to communicate“the two worlds of spirits and man”.The cultural identity and political demands of the rulers obtain its sacredness and legitimacy through the writing of ritual texts and ritual performances.On the basis of the construction of the ritual system of the previous dynasties,the rulers of Qianlong period carried out the reform of the ritual system through the compilation of ritual books and added new cultural elements such as“Manchurian,riding and shooting”,Manchurian ceremonies and clothing,mythology of Manchurian origin,etc.to the traditional ritual system,thus strengthening the“Manchurian”identity with the fundamental political appeal to provide the legitimacy for the rule of Qing Dynasty.
作者 黎春晓 彭孝军 LI Chunxiao;PENG Xiaojun
出处 《湖北民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第1期21-29,共9页 Journal of Hubei Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Sciences
基金 国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国传统礼仪文化通史研究”(18ZDA021) 贵州省哲学社会科学规划项目“明清西南土司礼仪与国家认同研究”(21GZQN28)。
关键词 乾隆朝 官修礼书 “满洲”认同 政治诉求 the reign of Qianlong official ritual books “Manchu”identity political appeal
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