汉语双宾结构和与格结构的句法关系——兼论P_(HAVE)-P_(LOC)分析法的合理性

The Syntactic Relations Between Double Object Construction and Dative Construction in Chinese:The Reasonableness of the P_(HAVE)-P_(LOC) Approach

本文借鉴Harley的分析模式,用P_(HAVEP),P_(LOCP)小句分别分析汉语双宾结构和与格结构。这一分析模式的基础在于两种结构的对称性,故本文利用"又"字进行检验,并比较不同轻动词下的PP小句,证明两种结构的结构对称性。同时,本文从语义特征层面将汉语"有"字句和以上两种结构进行对比,发现其与双宾结构在量词辖域、领属关系中的生命性、时间状语修饰3个方面表现相同,本文认为是表领属关系的P_(HAVE)在两者之间建立联系,这也从另一方面证明P_(HAVE)-P_(LOC)分析法的合理性。因此,相比起其他分析方法,P_(HAVE)-P_(LOC)分析法的显著优势在于解释汉语双宾结构和"有"字句的语义相似性。

Using P_(HAVE)P and P_(LOC)P“small clauses”,this present study introduces and develops Harley’s approach to analyze double object construction and dative construction in Chinese.Given that the basis of the approach is the symmetrical syntactic structures of the two constructions,the study uses Chinese counterparts of“again”and compares PP clauses incorporated into different light verbs to examine the symmetries.Meanwhile,by comparing you-sentences with the two constructions in the aspect of semantics,this paper finds that you-sentences and double object construction have the same behaviors in quantifier scope,animacy in possession and modification of temporal adverbial.This paper argues that it is the possessive P_(HAVE) that links them,which also suggests the reasonableness of the P_(HAVE)-P_(LOC) approach.Therefore,compared with others,the advantage of the approach is its power in explaining the semantic parallels between you-sentences and double object construction.