基于健康生态学理论的健康教育在冠心病患者二级预防中的应用

Application of health ecology theory in secondary prevention of patients with coronary heart disease

目的:探究基于健康生态学理论的健康教育在冠心病患者二级预防中的应用价值。方法:以2019年1月至2020年7月153例冠心病患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(77例)和观察组(76例),对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于健康生态学理论的健康教育干预。观察两组干预前后汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、疾病认知度评分、自我护理能力测定量表(ESCA)、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOL-74)评分及血压改善情况;比较两组患者对规范服药、饮食控制、适量运动、按时复诊的依从性及干预期间心血管事件发生率。结果:观察组干预后HAMA评分低于对照组,ESCA总分、GQOL-74总分及疾病认知度评分高于对照组(t=6.603,6.701,6.196,4.109;P<0.05);观察组干预后收缩压及舒张压均大于对照组(t=7.939,8.074;P<0.05);观察组饮食控制率及合理运动率高于对照组,心血管事件总发生率低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.336,4.478,4.020;P<0.05)。结论:对冠心病患者给予基于健康生态学理论的健康教育干预,可减轻焦虑程度,提高疾病认知度及自我护理能力、治疗依从性,并对血压具有良好的控制效果,能减少心血管事件的发生。

Objective:To explore the application value of health education based on health ecology theory in secondary prevention of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:A total of 153 CHD patients from January 2019 to July 2020 were enrolled as the research objects.They were divided into control group(77 cases)and observation group(76 cases)by random number table method.The control group was given routine nursing intervention, while observation group was given health education intervention based on health ecology theory on basis of control group.The scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),disease cognition, exercise of self-care agency scale(ESCA)and Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74(GQOL-74)before and after intervention, and blood pressure improvement in both groups were observed.The compliance to standardize medication, diet control, moderate exercise and regular subsequent visit, and the incidence of cardiovascular events during intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention, HAMA score in observation group was lower than that in control group, while total scores of ESCA and GQOL-74,and score of disease cognition were higher than those in control group(t=6.603,6.701,6.196,4.109;P<0.05).After intervention, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in observation group were higher than those in control group(t=7.939,8.074;P<0.05).The diet control rate and reasonable exercise rate in observation group were higher than those in control group, and the total incidence of cardiovascular events was lower than that in control group(χ^(2)=4.336,4.478,4.020;P<0.05).Conclusion:The health education intervention based on health ecology theory for CHD patients can alleviate anxiety, improve disease cognition, self-care ability and treatment compliance, and better control blood pressure, which can reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events.