从“文化自觉”走向“遗产自觉”:古民居遗产的激活与展望

From“Cultural Consciousness”to“Heritage Consciousness”:Activation and Prospect of Ancient Residential Heritage

古民居遗产的激活不仅是传统建筑的现代保存,更是建筑背后地方文化的传承与延续,本质就是文化特质与时代发展相协同的“遗产自觉”表现。以“文化自觉”理论为基础,以古民居遗产的活态保护和文化再生为研究对象,通过云贵地域上典型案例的深度分析,对遗产感知、遗产认同和遗产再生三个阶段的“遗产自觉”理念进行了实践解读,提出社区居民才是遗产激活和创新中的强大力量,采取政策引导激发社区居民的遗产感知和认同,借助全球文化市场的引领,强化民众对遗产的动态保存,实现文化遗产再生。建立居民遗产自治与政府遗产管理相统一的新思维,在“能发展”的维度上探寻最切合古民居遗产传承的激活之道。

The activation of ancient residential heritage is not only the modern preservation of traditional architecture,but also the inheritance and continuation of local culture behind architecture.In essence,it is a kind of heritage conscious expression of cultural characteristics and the development of the times.This paper takes Mr.Fei Xiaotong's“cultural consciousness”as the theoretical basis,takes the living protection and cultural regeneration of ancient residential heritage as the research object,and constructs an innovative theoretical path of“heritage consciousness”.Through the in-depth analysis of field cases in Yunnan and Guizhou,this paper interprets and verifies the theory of heritage consciousness including three stages of heritage perception,heritage identity and heritage regeneration in practice,and points out that community residents are the powerful force in the process of heritage activation and heritage innovation,and the state should stimulate community residents'heritage perception and identity through policy guidance.With the help of the global cultural market,we should strengthen the people's dynamic preservation of heritage and realize cultural regeneration.We should establish a new thinking of the unity of the residents'heritage autonomy and the government’s heritage management,and explore the most suitable way to activate the inheritance of ancient residential heritage in the dimension of“development”.