中学生设计素养研究:要素、框架及评测

Research on Design Literacy of Middle School Students:Elements,Framework and Evaluation

设计是实现创新的重要途径和有效方式,在当前日益关注创新的环境下,设计素养是现代公民终身发展的应然趋势。研究采用文献分析构建设计素养理论框架、德尔菲法收集素养要素、量表编制法进行验证,并通过对北京市2187名中学生的调查数据的探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析和效度检验等,最终得到中学生设计素养二阶三因子模型。该模型包括设计意识、设计兴趣、设计知识方法、设计表达能力、创意物化能力和设计实践能力六要素。其中,设计意识、设计兴趣对其他要素有激发、维持的作用;设计知识方法是设计素养生成性要素中的基础要素;设计表达能力、创意物化能力和设计实践能力是设计的能力性要素,促进设计实践的完成。

Design is an important and effective way to achieve innovation.In the current environment of increasing attention to innovation,design literacy is an inevitable trend for the lifelong development of modern citizens.In this study,literature analysis is used to construct a theoretical framework of design literacy,the Delphi method is used to collect the elements of literacy,and the scale compilation method is used for verification.Through EFA,CFA and validity test on the survey data of 2,187 middle school students in Beijing,a second-order three-factor model of design literacy of middle school students is finally formed.The model includes six elements:design awareness,design interest,design knowledge methods,design expression ability,creative materialization ability,and design practice ability.Among them,design awareness and design interest have a stimulating and sustaining effect on the other elements.Design knowledge and methods are the basic elements in the generative elements of design literacy.Design expression ability,creative materialization ability,and design practice ability are the competence elements of design,which facilitate the completion of design practice.