中国城市流动人口住房质量的空间分异与影响因素

Spatial variation of migrant population’s housing quality and its determinants in China’s prefecture-level cities

基于2015年全国1%人口抽样调查和2014年流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据,本文以房屋面积、设施条件、建筑年代和社区类型来衡量流动人口住房质量,运用空间统计工具探讨了中国310个地级及以上行政单元流动人口住房质量的空间分异特征,进而通过空间计量模型考察流动人口住房质量的影响因素。研究发现:(1)流动人口住房整体水平虽不及本地居民,但差距并不悬殊;(2)流动人口住房质量的空间差异明显,中部地区流动人口住房质量最高,东部、西部和东北地区在住房质量4个方面各有劣势;(3)按照行政等级和规模等级划分,中等城市流动人口住房质量最好,超大城市住房质量最差;(4)流动人口住房质量呈现出显著的空间正相关,但各指标高、低值集聚区的分布格局存在一定差异;(5)流动人口个体(内部特征)和流入地(外部特征)因素对流动人口住房质量具有显著影响,分别作用于不同的方面;(6)中小城市和大城市流动人口住房质量的决定因素及作用强度不尽相同。

Based on data from the 1%National Population Sample Survey 2015 and the 2014 China Migrant Population Dynamic Survey(CMDS),the paper selects four indicators to measure housing quality of the migrant population including floor area,housing facilities,construction period and living communities(urban or rural)and discusses the phenomenon about spatial differentiation of migrant populations’housing quality in 310 prefecture-and provincial-level cities in China,using GIS spatial analysis methods such as Moran’s I coefficient and Getis-Ord Gi*.Besides,we investigate the influencing factors of migrant populations’housing quality.Some conclusions can be drawn as follows:(1)Compared with the local residents,the housing quality of the migrants is not that worse.(2)The spatial distribution of housing quality of migrant population presents marked spatial differentiation on cities of different levels and scales,population sizes and geographical divisions.(3)The results of spatial autocorrelation analysis demonstrate that there is a significant positive spatial correlation in the indicators of the migrant population’s housing quality on a national scale,and identify the phenomenon of their spatial clustering and the centers of such spatial clustering.(4)The housing quality is influenced by both internal factors of migrant population and external factors of in-flow cities.(5)Population,economic development and the housing market play different roles in the housing quality of migrant population.