数字空间联结的灵活性及其内在机制

The flexibility of spatial-numerical associations and its internal mechanism

数字空间联结一直是认知心理学领域研究的热点之一。探索数字空间联结的一个重要指标为空间-数字反应联合编码(spatial-numerical association of response codes, SNARC)效应(左/右手对小/大数反应更快更准确)。以往研究已验证SNARC效应的普遍性及其在方向上的灵活性,并提出多种理论解释。此外,SNARC效应在加工阶段上也具有灵活性,其原因可能有:(1)加因素法则的理解偏差;(2)观察的角度单一;(3)观察效标的差异;(4)使用任务的差异。结合以上因素,提出双阶段(数量信息的空间表征、空间表征到反应选择)加工模型,不同的操控因素分别作用于两个阶段可能是引起SNARC效应灵活变化的核心原因。未来研究可从对比任务差异、引入不同干扰因素等方面进一步验证双阶段加工模型,并结合认知神经科学技术揭示数字空间联结灵活性的内在神经机制。

Spatial-numerical associations(SNAs) are a hot topic in the field of cognitive psychology. An important index to explore SNAs is the spatial-numerical association of response codes(SNARC) effect(i.e.,faster responses to small numbers using left effectors, and the inverse for large numbers). Previous studies have verified the universality of the SNARC effect and its flexibility in direction, and a variety of theoretical explanations have been proposed. In addition, the SNARC effect is also flexible in the processing stage at which it occurs, which might be caused by:(1) disparities in the comprehension of additive-factor logic,(2) observation from a single point,(3) different types of Simon effects were adopted as the measure index, and(4) different tasks were adopted. Combining the above reasons, a new two-stage processing(spatial representation of magnitude, spatial representation to response selection) model was proposed. It was proposed that different interference factors acting on the two stages might be the core reason for the flexibility of the SNARC effect. Future research could focus on comparisons of different tasks and the adoption of various interference factors to verify the two-stage processing model and combine cognitive neuroscience technologies to further elucidate the neural mechanism underlying the flexibility of SNAs.