自闭症谱系障碍个体的注意解离

Attentional disengagement in autism spectrum disorders

注意解离是注意定向网络的重要组成部分,指在注意转移过程中对原来刺激进行注意分离的过程。自闭症个体注意解离的早期受损会直接影响其它重要功能的发展,尤其是唤醒调节和共同注意发展。采用间隙重叠范式的研究发现,自闭症个体注意解离能力是否异常还存在争议,被试年龄及取样、测量指标和刺激特征可能是影响的因素;其神经机制可能涉及额叶、顶叶、小脑和胼胝体等脑区。未来应从脑机制研究入手,综合考虑被试特征、研究方法和刺激特征对注意解离结果的影响,明确其在自闭症早期预测和识别中的作用。

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that presents in childhood.Attentional disengagement is an essential part of the attentional orientation network, which refers to the process of disengaging attention from the original object to another one during the attention shift. The attentional disengagement hypothesis suggests that early impairment of attention disengagement in ASD could substantially affect the development of other perceptions and cognitive capacity. It could then ultimately cascade into a family of impairments in the core clinical symptoms of ASD. Studies using the gap-overlap paradigm resulted in controversial findings regarding attentional disengagement deficits in individuals with ASD. It is possible that the participants’ characteristics, the research methods, and the stimulus properties are the main factors that affect attentional disengagement. This neural mechanism may involve the oculomotor nervous system, the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the cerebellum, and the corpus callosum. Future research should focus on the mechanisms of the brain, considering the effects of the participants’ characteristics, the research methods, and the stimulus properties on the results of attentional disengagement comprehensively and clarifying its role in early prediction and recognition of autism.