劳动价格扭曲是否加剧了环境污染

Does Labor Price Distortion Aggravate Environmental Pollution

在使用超越对数生产函数和熵值法分别计算劳动价格扭曲指数和环境污染指数的基础上,借助除西藏外中国大陆30省(市、区)2003—2019年的数据,系统地考察了劳动价格扭曲对环境污染的影响,深层次揭示了劳动价格扭曲影响环境污染背后的作用机制。研究发现:劳动价格扭曲程度越高,环境污染越严重,劳动价格扭曲显著地加剧了环境污染。克服内生性问题、剔除异常值、更换环境污染指标的计算方法以及考虑经济发展水平的差异、低碳试点政策的实施、外商直接投资的差异后,核心结论依然成立。从传导机制来看,劳动价格扭曲不仅会直接加剧环境污染,还会通过负向的规模效应、结构效应和技术效应间接加剧环境污染。推进劳动市场改革,纠正扭曲的劳动价格,促进劳动者收入和劳动生产率的同步增长,对改善环境质量、推动生态文明建设具有重要意义。

Based on the calculation of the labor price distortion index and the environmental pollution index with the method of surpassing logarithmic production function and entropy method,with the use of data from 2003 to 2019 in 30 provinces(cities and districts)in China's Mainland except Tibet,the influence of labor price distortions on environmental pollution is systematically investigated,and the mechanism behind the effect of labor price distortions on environmental pollution is further revealed.The results show that:the higher the degree of labor price distortion,the more serious the environmental pollution;labor price distortion significantly aggravates environmental pollution.After overcoming endogenous problems,eliminating outliers,changing the calculation method of environmental pollution indicators and considering the differences of economic development level and foreign direct investment,the implementation of low-carbon pilot policy,the core conclusion is still valid.From the perspective of transmission mechanism,labor price distortion will not only directly aggravate environmental pollution,but also indirectly aggravate environmental pollution through negative scale effect,structure effect and technology effect.Therefore,it is of great significance to promote the reform of labor market,correct the distorted labor price,and promote the synchronous growth of labor income and labor productivity for the improvement of environmental quality and the construction of ecological civilization.