城市老年人旅游制约结构维度及作用机理——基于扎根理论的研究

Tourism Constraints Structure Dimensions and Mechanism of Urban Senior Tourists——A Research Based on the Grounded Theory

文章以60周岁及以上的城市老年人为研究对象,通过深度访谈收集数据,采用扎根理论方法,构建了城市老年人旅游制约的结构维度和内在作用机理模型。研究结果表明:城市老年人的旅游制约由身心安全制约、支持性制约、旅游产品和服务供给制约、目的地属性制约、参与后体验制约5个维度构成;基于以上研究,文章构建了城市老年人旅游制约的作用机理模型,模型中5个维度遵循身心安全制约→支持性制约→旅游产品和服务供给制约→目的地属性制约→参与后体验制约的层次结构,并通过不同旅游协商策略的作用路径影响老年人参与旅游活动的全过程。文章不仅丰富了老年人旅游制约理论,也为旅游企业和政府部门促进老年旅游市场发展提供了决策工具和参考。

This study took urban senior tourists who aged 60 years and older as the objects and interviewed a total of 29 urban senior samples.Based on the qualitative analysis method of grounded theory,this paper systematically studied the urban senior tourism constraints,and constructed the structural dimension and mechanism model of the urban senior tourism constraints.The results show that the urban senior tourism constraints are composed of five dimensions:physical and mental security constraints,supportive constraints,supply constraints of tourism products and services,destination attribute constraints and post-participation experience constraints.Based on the analysis of existing theories and literature,the authors expounded two new dimensions:destination attribute constraints and post-participation experience constraints;on this basis,a mechanism model for explaining and analyzing the urban senior tourism constraints was constructed with five dimensions of the model follow the hierarchical process of physical and mental security constraints→supportive constraints→supply constraints of tourism products and services→destination attribute constraints→post-participation experience constraints;and through the role of different tourism negotiation strategies,the whole process of tourism participation is affected.Based on the Chinese social and cultural context,this research systematically explored the senior tourism constraints,which not only enlarge the research scope of tourism constraints and enrich the theory of tourism constraints,but also provide a new direction and content for the research of the senior tourism,and expand the theoretical research of tourism constraints in specific groups.It also provided decision-making tools and practical guidance for tourism enterprises and government departments to promote the development of the senior tourism market.