以血缘为基础的儒家伦理及其管理实践

Confucian Ethics Based on Blood Relationship and Its Management Practice

以血缘为切入口,研究儒家伦理建立的基石以及其核心观点之一——“孝”,其作为家庭内部伦理原则,发展至汉朝被当做国家治理的准则,家庭内部伦理原则与国家治理原则同一,形成家国同构、家国同治;在生产实践上,以血缘家族为单位进行经济活动,依据血缘关系确立了家庭为单位的“家产制”,并由此形成了家族取向、他人取向、关系取向、权威取向四种社会心理;在基层政治实践上,则形成了乡村自治和乡绅政治。但随着我国市场经济的发展及现代化进程加快,“孝”的内涵和外延又回归至家庭内部,中国人的心理取向亦发生改变,乡村自治政权又重归到乡村基层政府组织。

Taking ties of blood as the entry point,this article studies the foundation stone of Confucian ethics and one of its core views:“filial piety”,which was regarded as the internal ethical principle of a family until the Han Dynasty when it was regarded as the rule of national governance,forming the consistence of the ethical principles within a family and the principles of state governance.In production practice,economic activities were carried out by blood-tied family as a production unit,and thus four types of social psychology of family orientation,others orientation,relationship orientation,and authority orientation were formed;in the grassroots political practice,rural autonomy and squire politics were formed.However,with the development of China’s market economy and the acceleration of the modernization process,the connotation and extension of“filial piety”have returned to the family,and the psychological orientation of Chinese people has also changed,and the rural autonomous government has returned to the rural grassroots government organization.