原型理论观下的来华留学生汉语词汇教学探索

On Chinese Vocabulary Teaching of International Students from the Perspective of Prototype Theory

原型理论是认知心理学的重要概念,它是人类构建认知范畴的核心参照点,具有语境依赖性,受到个人认知模型和集体文化模型的影响。原型理论对外语教学具有指导意义,在面向“一带一路”国家留学生的汉语教学实践中,需留意学生的母语文化对其汉语习得产生的影响。具体到词汇教学上,原型理论可在构建文字—意义—读音的关联、厘清词汇范畴边界及原型差异、梳理多义词各义项关系等方面起到积极作用,有效促进语言与文化深度融合教学模式的发展。

As a key concept in cognitive psychology,prototype can be regarded as the core reference point for the construction of cognitive category.It is context reliant,shaped by personal cognitive model and cultural model of a group.This thought can thus enlighten foreign language learning.In the Chinese-language teaching practice to international students from“Belt and Road”countries,attention should be paid to the impact that students’native culture has to their Chinese acquisition.In Chinese word teaching,prototype theory can be of positive value in building character-meaning-pronunciation link,clarifying lexical category boundary and prototype difference,and illuminating the relationship of the senses of polyseme.It can be of help in the development of a teaching mode with deeply integration of language and culture.