高原特色植物大麻提取物抑草活性初探

Preliminary Study on the Herbicidal Activity of Cannabis sativa L.Extracts from Highland Characteristic Plant

【目的】杂草野燕麦是危害作物产量及质量的主要杂草之一,为高效的防治杂草野燕麦,探究了高原特色植物大麻不同部位(全株、根、茎、叶和种子)甲醇提取物对杂草野燕麦的抑草活性。【方法】采用萃取法得到大麻不同部位提取物,用种子萌发法处理供试种子,研究10.000,5.000,2.500,1.250,0.625,0.313 mg/mL质量浓度下大麻不同部位提取物对野燕麦种子发芽率及幼苗芽长、根长、鲜质量、干质量的影响,并对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长进行安全性分析。【结果】大麻不同部位提取物对野燕麦种子的萌发呈"低促高抑"趋势,大麻根、茎、叶的粗提物为0.313~1.250 mg/mL时,对野燕麦种子芽长生长表现出促进作用,在高质量浓度2.500~10.000 mg/mL时,呈抑制作用;大麻全株、根、茎、叶、种子的粗提物在0.313 mg/mL时,对野燕麦种子根长生长呈促进作用,在10.000 mg/mL时均表现为显著抑制作用。大麻不同部位甲醇提取物在不同浓度下对野燕麦幼苗根长、芽长抑制作用强弱不同,由强到弱依次为种子浸提液、全株浸提液、茎浸提液、根浸提液和叶浸提液,其中大麻种子提取物在质量浓度为0.313~2.500 mg/mL时,对野燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长表现抑制作用,且对小麦种子生长无影响。【结论】大麻不同部位提取物均含除草的活性物质,大麻种子可能是抑草活性物质产生的主要场所,为大麻在植物源除草剂中的开发利用提供科学依据,其释放的活性物质的具体成分及其相关机制尚待进一步研究。

[Objective]Cannabis sativaL. is one of the main weeds harmful to crop yield and quality.In order to effectively control Cannabis sativa L.,this study was conducted to explore the herbicidal activity of methanol extracts from different parts of Cannabis sativa L.(whole plant,root,stem,leaf and seed)against Avena fatua L.[Method]Extracts were obtained by extraction method and seeds were treated by seed germination method.The effects of Cannabis sativa L. extracts from different parts on seed germination rate,seedling bud length,root length,fresh weight and dry weight of Avena fatua L. at mass concentrations of 10.000,5.000,2.500,1.250,0.625,0.313 mg/mL were studied,and the safety of wheat seed germination and growth was analyzed.[Result]The extracts from different parts of Cannabis sativa L. showed a trend of low promotion and high inhibition on the germination of Avena fatua L. seeds.The crude extracts from roots,stems and leaves of Cannabis sativa L.showed a promotion effect on the growth of Avena fatua L. seeds at the concentration of 0.313 mg/mL-1.250 mg/mL,and showed inhibitory effect at the concentration of 2.500-10.000 mg/mL. The crude extracts from Cannabis sativa L.whole plant,root,stem,leaf and seed promoted the root growth from Avena fatua L. seeds at the concentration of 0.313 mg/mL,and showed significant inhibitory effects at the concentration of 10.000 mg/mL.The methanol extracts from different parts of Cannabis sativa L. had different inhibitory effects on root length and bud length of Avena fatua L. seedlings at different concentrations.The Cannabis sativa L. seed extracts had different inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Avena fatua L. seedlings when the mass concentration was 0.313 mg/mL to 2.500 mg/mL,and had no effect on wheat seed growth.[Conclusion]The extracts from different parts of Cannabis sativa L. contain active herbicidal substances,which provides scientific basis for the development and utilization of Cannabis sativa L. as a plant-derived herbicide.The specific components and related mechanisms of the active substances released from Cannabis sativa L. remain to be further studied.