国土空间开发适宜性评价的理论、方法与技术应用

Theory,Method and Technological Application of Territorial Spatial Development Suitability Evaluation

国土空间开发适宜性评价既是长期人地关系优化调控研究领域的重要研究内容,也是当前各层级国土空间规划编制的重要基础工作。该文运用文献调研、总结、对比分析等方法,围绕国土空间开发适宜性评价的概念内涵、演进历程、评价方法以及技术手段等方面进行综述,指出现有研究存在的不足与仍需深入研究的领域和方向。主要结论如下:①当前国土空间开发适宜性评价已具有较为丰富的研究案例,但对国土空间开发的多目标协同评价关注不够,评价指标体系的精细化程度不足,多尺度综合研究存在短板;基础信息数据尚难满足全域、全要素、全时相的评价要求;地球信息技术支撑“智慧评价”的能力不足;②未来应进一步加强国土空间开发适宜性评价基础理论研究,深化对评价内涵的理论认知,构建指标独立、系统高效的评价体系;丰富多尺度适宜性评价案例,重视区域发展定位,关注区域发展的特殊需求和产业优势,提升评价指标体系的精细化水平;紧跟“智慧社会”建设步伐,加强地球信息技术与物联网、大数据、云计算等新兴技术的融合应用,促进国土空间多源大数据的制定与适宜性评价体系的有效衔接,为实现“智慧评价”提供有力的技术支撑。

Suitability evaluation of territorial space is the premise and basis for scientific territory space planning,transition of territory space governance mode and creation of high-quality territory spaces.It is of important significance to optimize the development and protection pattern of territory space and perfect subjective functional orientation of regions.Based on literature review,summary,inductive and comparative analysis,this study reviewed conceptual connotation,development course,evaluation units,evaluation index system,evaluation method,modern technologies and application framework of suitability evaluation of territory space development.It pointed out shortages of existing studies and it suggested to deepening research fields and directions.At present,the theory and practice of suitability evaluation of territorial space have made great breakthrough,and the evaluation index system has formed a more comprehensive system,and the evaluation methods show a trend of diversification.Although many studies have discussed suitability evaluation of territory space development,there are inadequate attentions to multi-objective collaborative evaluation of territory space development.Specifically,it fails to achieve satisfying results in refining of evaluation index system,multi-scale comprehensive study and intelligence level of evaluation methods.The firstly,the construction of the index system is lack of uniformity and standardization.Different studies are based on different goals and perspectives,and the index systems constructed are obviously different.Different scholars have great differences in the evaluation of the same area,which affects the objectivity of the evaluation results.The basic information data can not meet the evaluation requirements of the whole area,the whole element and the whole temporal phase.The ability of Geo-information science and technology to support"smart evaluation"is insufficient.Secondly,in the existing studies,the micro scale evaluation is the majority,the macro scale evaluation is less,and the multi-scale comprehensive evaluation research is very rare.Finally,there is a lack of integration and application of existing evaluation methods for the suitability of territorial space development with intelligent frontier technologies such as spatiotemporal big data,cloud computing,unmanned aerial vehicles,Internet of Things,and 5G network,and there is a huge space for future mining.In future,we need to do well in the following aspects.The firstly,it is suggested to carry out more multi-scale suitability evaluations,promote the integration,transformation and transmission of multi-scale evaluation.Secondly,improve standardization and refining of evaluation index system.Attach importance to the positioning of regional development,pay attention to the special needs and industrial advantages of regional development.In addition,follow the pace of"smart society"construction closely,strengthen the integration and application of earth information technology and Internet,database,cloud computing and other emerging technologies,promote the formulation of land and space multi-source big data and the effective integration of suitability evaluation system;couple GIS,remote sensing and big data to carry out information mining,and provide strong technical support for"smart evaluation".