比较视野下城市摊贩治理的模式与效应

A Comparative Study on the Model and Effect of Vendor Governance in Urban Area

街头摊贩是一个世界性现象,对其施以何种治理也是各个国家或地区城市治理的一个重要议题或挑战。本文将对各个国家与地区城市摊贩治理的既有研究进行梳理,并进行比较研究。结果显示,各地城市治理机构对摊贩实施治理主要采取三种模式:行政性压制、法治化引导与间歇性整治;而在三种治理模式下也产生了三种效应即摊贩的应对策略:被压制时选择公开的抗争、在法治环境下寻求与城市治理者之间的"共生"以及间歇性整治条件下的"猫抓老鼠"游戏(博弈)。由此可见,不同国家与地区的摊贩治理中也有一些共同的经验与教训,可以与我国既有的本土治理工具相结合,从而形成具有中国特色的摊贩治理新模式。简言之,这一治理模式是在对街头摊贩活动规律进行研判与预判的基础上,从依法、因地、分业、分时与分类这五个方面出发,依托技术与组织的改进,实现对街头摊贩的精细化治理。

Informal street vending is a worldwide phenomenon and a common challenge for the world s urban policy makers.This paper conducts a comparative study on the regulation of urban vending in various countries and regions.First,this paper examines the modes of interaction between street vendors and local administrators and the power relationship behind them.Second,we review the related research done on China's regulation of public space,especially with regard to street vending.Third,we attempt to formulate a rationale that explains the various regulating patterns toward street vendors.We show that local administration mainly falls into three modes:draconian repression,heedful guidance,and intermittent“live and let live”sympathetic permission.Accordingly,the street vendors react in different ways,with attitudes ranging from open resistance,to supple compliance,and to playing hide-and-seek games so as to cope with regulation.