家庭养老功能异质视角下社会养老与土地养老的互动机制

Interactions between social and land supports for elderlies under different family support functions

农村空心化、老龄化问题引发了包括养老、土地资源配置等在内的一系列问题,亟需引起关注。本文系统研究了家庭养老功能异质视角下新型农村社会养老保险(简称"新农保")与土地养老的互动机制,及对60岁及以上农户家庭土地转出决策的影响。在理论分析作用机制的基础上,利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)4期面板数据,采用面板工具变量法进行了实证分析。研究表明:(1)社会养老提供的养老金可以提高农户消费预算,降低农业劳动供给强度,替代土地养老,特别是在家庭养老缺少经济支持功能的情况下;(2)在家庭养老提供经济支持功能时,社会养老的作用表现出明显差异,对于家庭养老缺少生活照料功能的农户,社会养老难以替代土地养老;(3)对于家庭养老功能健全的农户,社会养老通过降低农业劳动强度、减少非农就业参与率,替代土地养老。本文的研究结论对于完善农村养老保障制度具有一定的现实意义,注重发挥家庭养老和社会养老的联动机制,给予不同家庭差异化的政策安排,将更有助于提升老年人的生活水平。

The problem of rural hollowing out and aging is becoming more and more serious.It not only limits the needs of the elderly in rural areas,but also inhibits the improvement of the efficiency of land resource allocation,which requires urgent attention.This paper systematically analyzes the influence and mechanism of China’s New Rural Pension Insurance(NRPI)on land transfer decision of farmers above 60 years old.Based on theoretical analysis,this paper uses four-period-data from China Health and Pension Tracking Survey(CHARLS)to make an empirical analysis by panel instrumental variable method.We can get three conclusions from the research.Firstly,NRPI promotes land transfer since it increases welfare,especially for families short of economic support.Secondly,when offspring provides economic support,the role of social pension in improving farmers’welfare will be shortened due to the lack of life care,which leads to a difficult replacement for land pension.Thirdly,for families with perfect pension,social pension can replace land pension by reducing agricultural time and non-agricultural employment.The conclusions of this paper have important practical significance for improving the rural aged security system.It will be more helpful to improve the living standards of the elderly,if we pay more attention to the linkage mechanism of family aged security and social aged security and provide different policy support to different families.