增量与存量建设用地的经济贡献差异

Differences between economic contributions of incremental and stock construction land

如何高效配置利用增量和存量建设用地已成为中国实现高质量增长和城市建设目标的重要问题,增量和存量建设用地的经济贡献量是进行建设用地优化配置的基础依据,但两者尚未得到很好的区分和量化。本文结合土地要素性质和地方政府行为特征,构建和对比了基于不同要素替代率假定的两种土地生产函数,识别了增量和存量建设用地的要素特征,并比较了两者的数量差异及时空变化。研究表明:(1)投资驱动的中国经济增长模式和地方政府的土地引资行为导致了中国增量与存量建设用地利用偏好的差异。(2)中国各地区增量和存量建设用地之间具有固定的要素替代率,增量和存量用地的经济贡献比不随两类用地配置比例的多少而变化。(3)中国增量和存量用地的经济贡献具有显著的数量差异,2003—2016年增量建设用地贡献约为同期存量建设用地的2.82~10.40倍。(4)增量建设用地指标和经济产出之间存在着显著的内生性关系,忽略这种内生性关系,会导致对增量建设用地贡献的低估。在用地效率相关的绩效考核量化中统筹考虑增量与存量建设用地,有助于激励存量用地开发和建设用地可持续利用。

For achieving the goals of high-quality growth and urban development,it is important to effectively use incremental and stock construction land.However,existing research has not accurately measured the contributions of incremental and stock construction land for the economic development and has not compared the differences between these two types of land.Therefore,studies on the economic contributions of incremental and stock construction land can provide some reference for the improvement of land institution in China.This study first constructed production functions with incremental and stock construction land based on presumptions that the marginal substitution rate between incremental and stock construction land is variable and fixed.Then the study measured and compared the contribution amount of incremental and stock construction land across provinces from 2003-2016.Two statistical indicators,the supply of construction land from converted agricultural land and new construction land,were chosen as the appropriate proxy indicators for incremental construction land.Meanwhile,the method of instrumental variable analysis was used to simulate the production function.The results show that:(1)The economic development model driven by investment and local governments’attempts to attract investment are reasons for the preference difference between incremental and stock construction land.(2)The marginal substitution rate between incremental and stock construction land is fixed with the changing rate between the input amounts of incremental and stock construction land.(3)The economic contribution amount of incremental construction land is 2.82-10.40 times that of stock construction land.(4)There are significant endogenous relationship between incremental construction land and GDP,which is usually ignored and results in underestimation of the contribution of incremental construction land.The policy implication of these results is further discussed.Integrated analysis and assessment of incremental and stock construction land would encourage development of stock construction land and sustainability of construction land use.