农村老年人家庭结构变动的影响因素分析

Study on the influencing factors of changes in the family structure of the elderly in rural area

目的:探讨农村老年人家庭结构变动的影响因素。方法:以西安交通大学人口与发展研究所在安徽省巢湖市农村地区分别于2009年6月、2012年9月、2015年9月及2018年7月4次调查的1224名老年人的跟踪数据为资料来源,主要从老年人个体特征、子女个体特征及老年人与子女的双向代际支持3个方面考察其对农村老年人家庭结构变动的影响。结果:多元Logistic回归模型分析显示,老年人个体特征、子女状况及双向代际支持对老年父母的家庭结构变动有显著影响。年龄增长显著降低了其家庭结构变动为夫妇核心家庭的可能性且女性老年人变动的可能性低于男性老年人,拥有自己住房的丧偶男性老年人更有可能独居,日常生活自理能力越好的老年人的家庭结构更倾向于变动为单人家庭;儿子数越多老年人越可能独居,有儿子居住在本村的老年人家庭结构倾向于变动为与子女同住,儿子外出打工及其返回对老年人家庭结构变动影响相反;代际支持对老年人家庭结构变动也有显著影响,家庭结构的变动是亲代与子代双向选择的结果。结论:研究表明,家庭结构变动中中国传统"孝文化"依然在农村老年人家庭养老中发挥着重要作用。

Objective:To study the influencing factors of changes in the family structure of the elderly in rural area.Methods:A total of 1224 elderly people,who were in rural Chaohu city Anhui province,were surveyed by the Institute of Population and Development of Xi’an Jiaotong University in June 2009,September 2012,September 2015 and July 2018.This paper mainly studied its influence on the change of rural elderly family structure from three aspects,which were individual characteristics of the elderly,the individual characteristics of the children and the two-way intergenerational support between the elderly and their children.Results:The individual characteristics of the elderly,the status of their children and the two-way intergenerational support had a significant impact on the changes in the family structure of the elderly parents.The increase in age significantly reduced the possibility that their family structure will change into a couple’s nuclear family,and the possibility of female elderly changing was lower than that of male elderly.Widowed male elderly who owned their own houses were more likely to live alone and had better ability to take care of themselves in daily life.The family structure of the elderly was more inclined to change to a single family.The more the number of sons,the more likely the elderly were to live alone.When a son lived in the village,the family structure tended to change to live with the children,and the son went out to work and returned to the elderly,the impact of changes in family structure was opposite.Intergenerational support also had a significant impact on changes in the family structure of the elderly.The changes in family structure were the result of a two-way choice between parents and offspring.Conclusion:we had shown that the traditional Chinese culture of filial piety were still playing an important role in family care for the elderly in rural areas during changes in family structure.