中国老年流动人口的社会融入及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the Social Integration and Its Influencing Factors of the Elderly Migrants in China

近年来,中国老年流动人口规模逐年增大,作为流动人口中的一个相对弱势的群体,他们的社会融入问题不仅关系自身的健康与生活质量,也关系区域经济社会的平稳发展。本文选用2017年“全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查”数据,从17万流动人口样本中筛选出6049份有效样本,从社会融入的意愿、客观社会融入程度和主观社会融入程度三个方面对老年流动人口社会融入现状进行分析,并实证分析其主要影响因素。我国绝大多数的老年流动人口对于现居住地具有强烈的社会融入意愿,社会融入意愿高于流动人口总体;老年流动人口的客观社会融入程度较低,明显低于流动人口总体;老年流动人口感受到的本地人排斥程度小于流动人口总体。老年流动人口的社会融入程度存在主客观差异,主观社会融入程度较高且高于流动人口总体。鼓励和引导老年流动人口多与人来往,尤其是多与同乡以外的人来往,引导本地居民以更开放和包容的心态对待老年流动人口,有效提高老年流动人口的社会融入程度。流入地政府部门应将老年流动人口相关问题纳入区域整体规划,分层次、分类型制定有针对性的政策与方案。相应职能部门应重视老年流动人口,打破区域壁垒、实现流入地与流出地之间各项服务对接,将老年流动人口纳入社区服务对象范畴。

The scale of China’s elderly floating population is increasing year by year.As a relatively vulner⁃able group,their social integration is related to their own health and quality of life,as well as the stable de⁃velopment of regional economy and society.This article selects“Investigation on dynamic monitoring of health and family planning of national migrant in China 2017”data,selected 6049 samples from 170000 samples of the migrants as the research object,which are about the social integration of the elderly mi⁃grants.This article analyzes the social integration from multiple dimensions,studies the subjective status of social integration and its influencing factors from three aspects:the willingness,the degree and the subjec⁃tive judgment of social integration degree.Get the following conclusions:Most of the elderly migrants have strong willingness of social integration,and the willingness is higher than that of whole migrants.The objec⁃tive social integration of the elderly mobile population is low,and it is significantly lower than that of mi⁃grants in other age.The local people’s rejection degree that felt by the elderly migrants is less than that felt by migrants in other age.For the elderly migrants,there is a difference between subjective and objective of social integration degree,subjective social integration degree is higher,and it is higher than that of migrants in other age.Encourage and guide the elderly migrants as sociate with more people,especially with people outside their fellow-townsmen,can effectively improve the social integration.Guide the local residents to face the elderly migrants with more open mind and inclusive attitude can effectively improve their social in⁃tegration.Local government should pay much attention to the issues related to the elderly migrants into the regional planning.The functional departments should break down regional barriers,and offer much more services to the elderly migrants.