夏玉米穴施肥作业机械设计与试验——基于新能源技术

Design and Experiment of Fixed Hole Fertilization Mechanism for Summer Maize--Based on New Energy Technology

为了探究夏玉米中耕施肥机械化,设计了一种基于新能源技术的精准定穴施肥试验机械,可以在600mm等行距的玉米田间完成两行的精准定穴施肥。该机包括行走机构、整体机架及电控机构,可升降及水平滑动调节的施肥单体机构、玉米植株探测机构及穴施肥距离保持机构等。其中,玉米植株探测采用自复位式行程开关实现植株的识别;施肥单体采用电磁式推拉杆、3D打印槽轮和鸭嘴等关键结构实现施肥单体的入土扎穴精准施肥;穴施肥距离保持机构采用自复位式行程开关与电推杆结合,实现了施肥单体的横向移动,保证扎穴点与植株合适的距离。初步试验表明:作业机械经过每株玉米时可以实现扎穴施肥,且施肥量变异系数均小于6,满足中耕追肥机的技术标准,可为利用新能源技术实现玉米的机械化精准施肥提供技术参考。

In order to explore the mechanization of intercropping and fertilization for summer maize,this paper designs a precision fixed hole fertilization experimental mechanism based on new energy technology,which can realize two rows of precise fixed hole fertilization in the corn field with equal row spacing of 600mm.The mechanism includes walking mechanism,overall frame and electric control mechanism,fertilizer monomer mechanism with lifting and horizontal sliding adjustment,corn plant detection mechanism,hole fertilization distance keeping mechanism,etc.Among them,corn plant detection uses self reset travel switch to realize plant identification,fertilization monomer adopts electromagnetic push-pull rod,3D printing groove wheel and duck's beak and other key structures to realize precise fertilization of fertilizer monomer into soil.Hole fertilization distance keeping mechanism adopts self reset travel and electric push rod to realize lateral movement of fertilizer monomer and ensure that the hole pricking point and plant are suitable Distance.Preliminary tests show that,when the truck passed each corn plant,it could apply fertilizer in the hole,and the variation coefficient of fertilizer amount was less than 6,which met the technical standard of the cultivator and topdressing machine.These data provide technical reference for mechanized precision fertilization of corn by using new energy technology.