微灌田间管网布置优化及参数分析

Optimization and Parameter Analysis of Pipe Network Layout in Micro Irrigation Field

微灌工程是推进农业节水灌溉的重要手段,合理的田间管网参数设计是水利计算中的重要环节。为此,探索了田间灌水单元小区内满足灌溉管道运行安全的田间管网优化布置方案,建立以单位面积管道投入最低为目标函数且满足管道安全运行要求的双向布置田间管网优化设计数学模型,并应用遗传算法对永舒榆灌区典型区域进行优化计算。与原设计相比,单位面积工程造价减少64.8%,毛管投入占小区投入70.6%。分析了毛管管径、灌水器设计流量、灌水器间距对田间管网优化结果的影响,结果表明:在灌水单元小区形状不受限制条件下,使用更小管径的毛管、更大管径的支管,相对更经济。在毛管管径一定的情况下,改变灌水器设计流量和灌水器间距对于单位面积管道投入费用影响不大;灌水器设计流量和灌水器间距共同作用下,较小的灌水器设计流量和较大的灌水器间距有利于减小单位面积管道投入费用。研究结果可为不同作物种类、种植方式、供水能力等情况下的滴灌系统设计提供管道选择依据以及管网优化布局方案,也可以为企业开发不同规格灌溉管道提供参考。

Micro irrigation project is an important means to promote agricultural water-saving irrigation,and reasonable design of field pipe network parameters is an important link in water conservancy calculation.To explore the optimal layout scheme of field pipe network to meet the safety of irrigation pipeline operation in the field irrigation unit area.A mathematical model for the optimization design of two-way field pipe network is established,which takes the minimum pipeline investment per unit area as the objective function and meets the requirements of safe operation of pipelines.The optimization calculation of typical area in Yongshuyu irrigation area is carried out by using genetic algorithm,and the drip irrigation system is optimized.Compared with the original design,the project cost per unit area is reduced by 64.8%,and the capillary investment accounted for 70.6%of the community investment,and the diameter of capillary and the design flow of emitter are analyzed The influence of distance between emitters on the optimization results of field pipe network.The results show that it is more economical to use smaller diameter capillary and larger diameter branch pipe when the shape of irrigation unit is not limited.In the case of a certain capillary diameter,changing the emitter design flow and emitter spacing has little effect on the investment cost of unit area pipeline;under the joint action of emitter design flow and emitter spacing,smaller emitter design flow and larger emitter spacing can reduce the investment cost of unit area pipeline.The research results can provide the basis for the design of drip irrigation system under different crop types,planting methods and water supply capacity,and provide reference for enterprises to develop irrigation pipelines of different specifications.