花生收获摘果力试验及分析

Experiment and Analysis of the Harvest and Picking Ability of Peanut

为了降低花生挖掘收获过程中花生荚果掉果和摘果力,以河南省地区主推广种植的3个花生品种为研究对象,利用微机控制电子万能试验机、水分测定仪等相关试验仪器设备,对挖掘晾晒的花生植株各部分含水率随晾晒时间的变化以及果柄与荚果轴线同轴和不同拉伸角度的摘果力进行测定,并研究了3个品种花生从挖掘到含水率降至10%左右时,花生茎秧、果柄和荚果的含水率变化及力学性质。试验结果表明:花生植株刚挖掘时含水率为50%~75%,晾晒6~7天后含水率基本降至10%,含水率变化呈现渐近线规律;在晾晒初期,花生摘果力随晾晒时间延长而迅速降低,后期下降逐渐缓慢,刚挖掘时3个品种的摘果力为18.91~23.04N,晾晒6天后摘果力降至9.83~12.27N;摘果时断裂位置出现在果柄节点处的概率随着含水率的降低从70%上升到80%左右;不同拉伸角度下摘果力出现先降低后升高的趋势,拉伸角度为30°时摘果力最小;初步确定了捡拾收获晾晒时间3~4天,此时摘果力最小。研究结果可为两段式捡拾收获机提供最佳的收获时间,也可为花秧果兼收鲜湿花生摘果滚筒的摘果角度提供了一定参考。

In order to reduce the peanut drop and picking ability during the peanut digging and harvesting process,the three peanut varieties mainly promoted and planted in Henan Province were used as the research object,and the electronic universal testing machine,moisture meter and other related test equipment were used to control the digging and drying.The water content of each part of the peanut plant varies with the drying time,the fruit stalk and the pod axis are coaxial,and the fruit picking power at different stretching angles is determined.The water content changes and mechanical properties of peanut stems,stalks and pods were studied when the water content of the three peanut varieties was excavated to about 10%.The moisture content of peanut plants is 50%-75%when they are just excavated,and the moisture content is basically reduced to 10%after 6-7 days of drying,and the moisture content changes asymptotically;in the initial stage of drying,the peanut picking power increases rapidly with the prolonging of drying.The fruit picking power of the three varieties was 18.91-23.04N when they were first excavated,and the fruit picking power dropped to 9.83-12.27N after 6days of drying;the probability of the fracture position an the stalk node during fruit picking increased with the moisture content.The reduction of the fruit picking power increased from 70%to about 80%;the fruit picking power at different stretching angles decreased first and then increased.The fruit picking power was the smallest when the stretching angle was 30°;the picking and harvesting drying time was initially determined for 3-4 days.The fruit picking power is the least.The research results can not only provide the best harvest time for the two-stage picking and harvesting machine,but also provide a certain reference for the picking angle of the fruit picking drum for both flower and seedling and fresh and wet peanut harvesting.