数字经济发展、要素市场化与区域差距变化

Development of Digital Economy,Marketization of Factors and the Changes in Regional Gaps

通过探究数字经济发展对区域差距变化影响的理论机理,发现数字经济发展有利于加快劳动力要素市场化、资本要素市场化、技术要素市场化及数据要素市场化的步伐,推动要素自由流动,实现资源配置优化,引起区域差距变化。从溢出层面来看,数字经济发展可以从三个方面促进要素市场化,即信息溢出促进优质化、高效化要素的自由流动;技术溢出促进产业数字化、数字产业化,推动经济结构转型升级和区域经济集聚;知识溢出促使人力资本合理化、高效化,提升全要素生产率。从要素市场化对区域差距变化的影响看,一方面,要素市场化通过促进企业协同、行业协同、产业协同,培育缩小区域差距新动能,另一方面,也会通过虹吸效应扩大区域差距。基于系统GMM估计方法,利用1996—2019年的省际面板数据对数字经济发展对区域差距变化影响效果进行实证检验,结果表明,数字经济发展显著抑制了区域内与区域间差距变大,显著促进了要素市场化,并通过促进要素市场化显著抑制区域内与区域间差距变化。在经济数字化转型趋势下,要缩小区域差距,应该适应新发展阶段的基本要求,推动生产要素市场化,推动数字经济高质量发展,培育数字经济驱动区域协调发展新动能。

By exploring the theoretical mechanism of the impact of digital economy development on changes in regional disparities,it is found that the development of digital economy is conducive to accelerating the pace of labor factor marketization,capital factor marketization,technology factor marketization,and data factor marketization,and promotes the free flow of factors.Realize resource allocation optimization and cause regional gap changes.From the perspective of spillovers,the development of the digital economy can promote the marketization of factors in three aspects:information spillovers promote the free flow of high-quality and efficient elements,technology spillovers promote industrial digitization and digital industrialization,and promote the transformation and upgrading of economic structure and regional Economic agglomeration and knowledge spillovers promote the rationalization and efficiency of human capital and improve total factor productivity.From the perspective of the impact of factor marketization on changes in regional gaps,on the one hand,factor marketization fosters new kinetic energy to narrow regional gaps by promoting enterprise synergy,industry synergy,and industry synergy;on the other hand,it also expands regional gaps through the siphon effect.Based on the systematic GMM estimation method,the inter provincial panel data from 1996 to 2019 is used to empirically test the effect of digital economic development on changes in regional disparity.It has promoted the marketization of factors,and significantly suppressed the changes in the gap between regions and regions by promoting the marketization of factors.Under the trend of economic digital transformation,in order to narrow the regional gap,it is necessary to adapt to the basic requirements of the new development stage,promote the marketization of production factors,promote the high-quality development of the digital economy,and cultivate new kinetic energy for the coordinated development of regions driven by the digital economy.