骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗骨质疏松的研究进展

Research progress of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of osteoporosis

骨质疏松症被定义为一种系统性骨骼疾病,其特征是骨量低、骨组织微结构恶化、骨脆性和骨折易感性增加。目前有2亿多人患有骨质疏松症,但由于人口老龄化和人均寿命延长,受影响的人数仍在急剧增加,这是一个重大的公共卫生问题。目前,治疗骨质疏松症的药物开发已经取得了重大进展,但药物治疗并不能逆转骨丢失,且会给患者带来一系列毒副作用。大量研究表明,骨髓间充质干细胞的归巢作用、成骨分化和细胞因子作用在骨质疏松发病过程中发挥重要作用。移植骨髓间充质干细胞作为一种新方法,不仅能避开药物治疗的副作用而且能从根本上治疗骨质疏松,具有巨大的潜能和应用价值,但许多问题也有待解决。

Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue,with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.Nowadays more than 200 million individuals are suffering from osteoporosis and still the number of affected people is dramatically increasing due to an aging population and longer life,representing a major public health problem.At present,great progress has been made in the development of drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis,but drug treatment can not reverse bone loss,and will bring a series of toxic and side effects to patients.A large number of studies have shown that homing disorders,osteogenic differentiation and cytokine effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.As a new method,transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can not only avoid the side effects of drug therapy,but also fundamentally treat osteoporosis.It has great potential and application value,but there are also many problems to be solved.