外力与内力:社会组织参与社会治理的机会获得分析

External and Internal Forces:Analysis of Access to Opportunities for Social Organizations to Participate in Social Governance

以制度环境视角分析社会组织参与社会治理的机会获得,并尝试对制度环境进行动态分析,关注制度执行所涉及的两大主体——政府与社会组织,尤其是政府与社会组织互动所形塑的参与机会空间。社会组织参与社会治理的机会主要源于政府通过制度空间创设主动赋予以及社会组织主动作为,通过遵从、配合、协商乃至对抗等多元策略努力获致。而社会组织参与社会治理机会的持续获得,迫切需要政府所提供的外力与社会组织自身内力形成强大合力。“聚合力”不仅取决于社会组织与政府的“利益契合度”和自身参与能力,更取决于政府和社会组织在良性互动中推进制度环境的完善与优化。

The article analyzes access to opportunities for social organizations to participate in social governance from the perspective of the institutional environment.Moreover,it attempts to conduct a dynamic analysis of the institutional environment,focusing on two main subjects involved in the institutional implementation:The government and social organizations,especially on the access to participation formed in their interaction.Opportunities for social organizations to be engaged in social governance are mainly from the government’s empowerment by creating institutional space and the initiative of social organizations through multiple strategies,including compliance,cooperation,negotiation and even confrontation.Continuous acquisition of such opportunities requires urgently the formation of a powerful joint force from the external force provided by the government and the internal force of social organizations.The joint force depends not only on their“common interests”and self-engagement competence of social organizations,but also on the improvement of the institutional environment amid their virtuous interaction.