从风险视角透视积极福利建构的耦合策略——基于内蒙古E旗矿区移民的分析

Examining a Coupling Strategy of Building a Positive Welfare System from the Perspective of Risk:Based on the Analysis of Mining Migration in E Banner of Inner Mongolia

积极福利的建构是实现人民美好生活的制度保障。矿区移民作为工程移民的一个重要群体类别,在其社会空间转向中人为风险的生成是无法回避的现实问题。基于对内蒙古E旗矿区移民现实景象的观察与思考,发现以丰裕现金福利作为保障的背后,缺失的是以明确主体权责、提升自我能力、构筑风险意识为导向的积极福利建构反思。通过呈现矿区移民面临社会转型中传统到现代的生活、生产转向,责任隐没中主体权责的迷失与道德机制的失效,以及无目的自我的个人自主性需要和反思能力匮乏等多重风险困境,尝试寻找积极福利建构作为化解矿区移民风险的耦合策略。其关键在于围绕“矿区移民”这一主体与政府、企业、社会组织的多方互动,从权利与责任的平衡、团结与合作的培育、排斥向包容的转向,窥探他助向自助转变的多维积极福利建构可能性,以此作为矿区移民应对现实风险和构筑未来可持续生计的一种理性制度尝试。

Positive welfare system is the institutionalized guarantee of people’s well-being.Human risk caused by the spatial turn of mining migrants—an important part of project-affected migrants-is an unavoidable practical problem.We observed the mining migration in E Banner of Inner Mongolia.The migrants were provided with plentiful cash welfare,but what is missing is the reflection on building a positive welfare system that clarifies the rights and responsibilities of all parties,improves its ability,and develops people’s risk awareness.By presenting how mining migrants faced the change from traditional to modern life and production in the social transformation,this article examines multiple dilemmas of risk faced by mining migrants because of all parties’unclear rights and responsibilities,ineffective moral mechanism,individual autonomy’s purposeless needs and lack of reflective ability.As a coupling strategy to mitigate the risk of mining migration,building a positive welfare system is all about the interaction between mining migrants and the government,enterprises and social organizations.This article explores the possibility of building a multi-dimensional positive welfare system that helps the migrants swift from receiving help to self-help.The system will balance rights and responsibilities,cultivate solidarity and cooperation,and transform exclusion to inclusion.This will be a reasonable attempt to help mining migrants cope with real risks and build a sustainable future life.