幼儿无字图画书故事元素的阅读发展特点

Eye Movement Study on 3 to 6 Years Old Children’s Reading Developmental Characteristics of Story Elements of Wordless Picture Books

幼儿主要通过阅读无字图画书中的故事元素来理解图画故事。以无字图画书《雪人的故事》为实验材料,选取小中大班各30名幼儿为研究对象,采用眼动实验法从角色元素、背景元素、情节元素三方面探讨3-6岁幼儿无字图画书故事元素的阅读发展特点。研究发现,幼儿对角色元素的关注随年龄的增长而增加,相对配角,幼儿更多关注主角;幼儿对背景元素关注度较低,但随年龄增长,此方面的关注度不断提高。此外,幼儿对背景元素中地点元素的关注高于时间元素;幼儿能关注情节元素,对情节元素中发展与高潮部分的关注高于开端与结局部分。

Children understand the story mainly by observing the story elements of wordless picture books.With the research material of Snowman’s Story, this study adopted eye-movement method and recruited 90 children in a kindergarten of Fuzhou with a stratified sampling to explore the 3-6 years old children’s reading development characteristics of the story elements of the wordless picture books from the aspects of character, background and plot elements.The research shows that children’s attention to the character elements increases with the growth of age, and children pay closer attention to the protagonist than supporting characters regardless of the protagonist’s position or size;children pay little attention to the background elements, and children tend to pay more attention to the place elements than the time elements;children pay more attention to the development and climax plots than to the beginning and ending plots.Finally, this paper puts forward corresponding educational suggestions.