达斡尔族传统荷包的基本形制及文化内涵

The Basic Styles and Cultural Connotation of Daur Traditional Pouches

[研究目的与内容]为研究达斡尔族传统荷包的基本形制及文化内涵,共收集了达斡尔族民族博物馆馆藏清代传世荷包约50余件,通过分类整理与数据分析,确定了6种基本形制特征,分别为葫芦形、方形、长形、金元宝形、花篮形以及花瓶形,并分析了不同形制的基本寓意;探究了达斡尔族传统荷包形制的形成过程、功能应用以及影响因素。[研究结果与结论]结果表明:达斡尔族传统荷包深受朝代更替和中原文化渗透的影响,经过沿袭、借鉴及融合,整体上精巧生动、精彩绝伦,凝聚了达斡尔族丰富的民族情感和文化内涵,但在形制方面逐步失去了本民族的特色。荷包作为达斡尔族民族艺术中的亮点,还有很多值得我们去研究。

To study the basic styles and cultural connotation of Daur traditional pouches, about 50 pouches of Qing Dynasty were collected from Daur Museum. Through classification and data analysis, six basic styles characteristicshave been determined, which are gourd shape, square shape, long shape, gold ingot shape, flower basket shape and vase shape. And the basic moral of the different pouch styles has been analyzed. The formation process, application function and influencing factors of the Daur traditional pouches were studied. The results showed that the traditional Daur leather pouch has lost its national characteristics, while to some extent the traditional functionalities were retained. The pouch functions include storage items, gifts, status symbols and other purposes. The styles were deeply influenced by the change of dynasties and the infiltration of Central Plains culture. After inheritance, reference and integration, the pouch is exquisite, vivid and wonderful, which embodies the rich national emotion and cultural connotation of Daur. As the highlight of Daur national art, the pouch is worthy of further study.