电控播种系统设计与试验

Design and Testing of Electrical Control Seeding System

播种是农业生产的重要环节,传统播种机使用地轮为排种器提供动力,地轮打滑对播种均匀性产生影响,不利于播种质量的提高。为此,设计了电控播种系统,使用旋转编码器采集行进速度,系统的微处理器结合设定播种信息和速度信息计算得出电机理论转速,驱动排种器转动,完成播种作业。JPS-12排种器试验台试验表明:播种合格指数大于96.64%,漏播指数小于1.34%,重播指数小于2.01%,变异系数小于17.61%,具有良好的播种均匀性,播种质量指标差值在5%以内,播种稳定性好。田间播种试验表明:播种作业合格指数为84.21%,重播指数为2.63%,漏播指数为7.89%,变异系数为22.15%,均满足JB/T 10293-2013《单粒(精密)播种机技术条件》的指标要求。系统在实际作业中运行稳定可靠,具有较好的作业性能。

Seeding is an important part of agricultural production.But traditional planters drive seed-metering device by its ground wheels,and then ground wheel slipping has an impact on seeding uniformity,which is not conducive to the improvement of sowing quality.Aiming at the problem,an electrical control seeding system was designed.The system consists of controller,rotary encoder,brushless DC motor,display,etc.During the seeding operation,the rotary encoder collects the sowing operation speed,then a theoretical speed will be calculated by the controller to control the speed of the motor,and then rotational speed of seed-metering device will match the tractor's working speed dynamically.Testing results of JPS-12 seed-metering device test bench shows the qualified index is more than 96.64%,the leak-sowing index less than 1.34%,the replay-sowing less than 2.01%,and the coefficient of variation of qualified seed spacing less than 17.61%.The system has good seeding uniformity.At the same time,the system's seeding quality index difference is within 5%,and the seeding stability is good.Field sowing test results show that the qualification index is 84.21%,the replay-sowing index is 2.63%,the leak-sowing index is 7.89%,and the coefficient of variation of qualified seed spacing is 22.15%,which all meet the standard JB/T 10293-2013“specifications of single seed drill(precision drill)”,the system runs stably and reliably in actual operations,and has good performance.