穴盘式大葱育苗机精量排种器的设计与试验

Design and Test of Precision Seed Metering Device for the Seedling Raising Machine of Chinese Onion

针对现有蔬菜通用排种器大多以单粒取种为主、播种效率低、播种精度差等问题,将气吸式排种器与机械式排种器的优点充分糅合,研制了一款针对大葱育苗的精量排种器。通过理论分析和计算,确定了关键部件工作参数。搭建试验台,对排种器进行播种性能试验,以合格率、漏播率、重播率为评价指标,以窝眼倾斜角度、气室真空度、排种器转速为因素,进行三因素三水平二次回归正交试验。根据试验数据结果,采用Design-Expert软件建立了响应面数学模型,并对数学模型进行优化,结果表明:当窝眼倾斜角度为13.1°、排种器转速为9.91r/min、气室真空度为3.14kPa时,排种效果最佳。以优化后的参数进行试验验证,结果表明:漏播率平均值为2.524%,重播率平均值为1.132%,合格率平均值为96.344%,满足大葱精量播种要求。

In view of the fact that most of the universal seeding devices for vegetables are mainly single-grain seeding,low seeding efficiency,and poor seeding precision.The advantages of the seeding device and the mechanical seeding device are fully combined,and a precise seeding device for green onion seedlings has been developed.The working principle of the seed metering device is explained,and the working parameters are determined.Build a test stand to test the seeding performance of the seeding device,with the pass rate,the missed seeding rate and the rebroadcasting rate as the performance indicators,taking the inclination angle of the socket,the vacuum degree of the air chamber and the seeding device speed as the factors to conduct three factors and three levels the quadratic regression orthogonal test,using Design-Expert software to establish a response surface mathematical model based on the test data results,and optimize the mathematical model,the model optimization results show that when the socket eye tilt angle is 13.1°,the seeding device speed is 9.91r/min,the best seeding effect when the air chamber vacuum is 3.14kPa.The optimized parameters were used for test verification.The average value of the missed broadcast rate in the five trials was 2.524%,the average replay rate was 1.132%,and the average qualified rate was 96.344%,which was consistent with the optimization results and better than the agricultural industry standards.