丘陵稻油联合收获机脱粒清选装置的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Threshing and Cleaning Device for Hilly Rice and Rape Combine Harvester

针对我国南方丘陵山区稻-油、稻-稻-油轮作的生产模式,早稻容易落粒、脱粒损伤大、油菜成熟一致性差及清选困难等问题,设计开发了适用于丘陵山区水稻油菜的联合收获机脱粒清选装置。脱粒分离装置包括可调导流条角度顶盖、单纵轴流滚筒和栅格式凹板筛,清选装置包括离心蜗壳式风机和高清洁率低损振动筛。为了得出适合水稻和油菜收获的最佳工作参数,以导流条角度、脱粒元件形式、滚筒转速、鱼鳞筛开度为影响因素,以损失率和含杂率为性能评价指标进行四因素三水平正交试验。通过田间试验得出到最优工作参数组合:顶盖导流条角度为72°,脱粒元件为纹杆-钉齿滚筒,滚筒转速为700r/min,鱼鳞筛开度为25mm。

In view of the production models of rice-oil and rice-rice-oil rotation in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern China,early rice is prone to threshing,large threshing damage,poor consistency of rape maturity,and difficulty in cleaning,etc.In response to these problems,a threshing and cleaning device for rice and oil combine harvesters in hilly and mountainous areas was designed.The threshing and separating device includes an adjustable diversion bar angle top cover,a single longitudinal axial flow drum and a grid-type concave plate screen.The cleaning device includes a centrifugal volute fan and a high cleaning rate and low loss vibrating screen.In order to obtain the best working parameters suitable for rice and rape harvesting,the diversion bar angle,threshing element form,drum rotation speed,fish scale sieve opening degree were the influencing factors,and the loss rate and impurity rate were used to evaluate the four factors.Accordingly,a four-factor three-level orthogonal test was conducted.The best working parameter combination was obtained through field experiments:the angle of the top cover guide bar was 72°,the threshing element was a stalk-nail roller,the roller speed was 700r/min,and the opening of the fish scale screen was 25mm.