不同耕层结构对海南香蕉地砖红壤物理特性的影响

Effects of Different Plough Layer Structure on Physical Properties of Banana Latosol in Hainan Province

短周期的香蕉种植方式结合传统的香蕉地翻耕、旋耕模式导致香蕉田土壤耕作层以下不断压实并形成犁底层,而深松可打破坚硬的犁底层,提高水分利用效率,有利于作物根系的生长发育。为探明不同深松模式耕层构造对海南香蕉地砖红壤物理特性的影响,在海南大学香蕉试验田设置了全虚耕层构造(Q1)、全实耕层构造(Q2)、虚实并存耕层构造(Q3)和上虚下实耕层构造(Q4),对砖红壤土壤坚实度、土壤容重和含水率进行试验测定。结果表明:4种耕层构造在各深度土层都能够明显降低土壤坚实度及土壤容重,提高土壤含水率。其中,在0~15cm表层土壤降低幅度最大,Q1、Q3、Q4在土壤坚实度和土壤容重方面分别降低了51.92%、29.99%、39.91%,11.80%、5.59%、9.32%;各土层范围内的含水率均呈现为Q3>Q1>Q4>Q2,且全虚耕层构造(Q1)和虚实并存耕层构造(Q3)的土壤含水率略高。综合分析认为:考虑到香蕉的根系对于含水率的高要求,虚实并存耕层构造是保证香蕉成长发育质量比较理想的高产耕层构建方式。试验结果可为海南香蕉种植地构建合理耕层构造、实现香蕉产量稳步增长提供参考。

The short period banana planting mode combined with the traditional tillage and rotary tillage mode leads to the continuous compaction of the soil below the tillage layer and the formation of the plough bottom,deep loosening can break the hard bottom of plough and improve water use efficiency,which is conducive to the growth and development of crop roots.In order to find out the influence of different subsoiling patterns on the physical properties of banana latosol in Hainan Province,we set up the full virtual ploughing layer structure(Q1),full ploughing layer structure(Q2),full virtual coexisting ploughing layer structure(Q3)and upper virtual lower ploughing layer structure(Q4)to test the soil firmness,soil bulk density and water content of latosol.The results show that the soil firmness and bulk density can be significantly reduced by the structure of the four plough layers in each depth of soil layer,among them,the decrease range of 0-15cm topsoil is the largest,Q1,Q3 and Q4 in soil firmness and bulk density are 51.92%,29.99% and 39.91%,11.80%,5.59% and 9.32% respectively;the water content of each soil layer is Q3>Q1>Q4>Q2,and the water content of the whole virtual plough layer structure(Q1)and the virtual plough layer structure(Q3)is slightly higher.The comprehensive analysis shows that considering the high requirement of banana root system for water content,the construction mode of high-yield cultivation layer with both virtual and solid cultivation layer structure to ensure the growth and development quality of banana is ideal.The results provide a reference for the construction of reasonable plough layer structure and the steady increase of banana yield in Hainan banana plantation.