“要”语法化多重接口制图分析

A Cartographic Analysis of Grammaticalization of“Yao”From the Perspective of Multi-interface

“要”是现代汉语高性能、高频率基本语素,其词汇范畴到功能范畴的演化涉及语言多层面互动。制图式分析使得“要”由实词到虚词的语法化抽象途径直观化,有助于实现对其多义多功能在多个接口层面的识解。语料分析表明:“要”的语义、句法、情态分布层级遵循由低到高、由实到虚的渐进排列顺序,其决定因素是人的主观性。出于语用需求,言者采用迂回递进方式呈现“要”语用信息结构中的话题和焦点层级,以凸显所愿事件成真难度及效度。

"Yao" is a basic morpheme with multiple functions and high frequencies in modern Chinese and its evolution from lexical category to functional category involves multi-level language interactions. A cartographic analysis visualizes the abstract process of grammaticalization of "Yao" from notional words to functional words, which contributes to the construal of its polysemy and multi-function at multi-interface levels. Corpus analysis shows that the distributions of semantic, syntactic, and modal hierarchy of "Yao" follow a gradual order from notions to functions, and the decisive factor is human subjectivity. For the sake of pragmatic needs, the speaker will adopt a circuitous and progressive approach to the topic and focus in the pragmatic information structure of "Yao"to highlight the difficulty and validity of the realization of the desired event.