文学伦理学视域下的民间童话阐释

Interpretation of Folk Fairy Tales from the Perspective of Literary Ethics

民间童话是由人民创作,长期在民众中流传,充满幻想的“伦理的艺术”。民间童话是在“万物有灵”的背景下展开叙事的,在神人妖魔同台共舞的伦理环境中,讲述着神(精灵、动植物等)人互渗互变的故事;世界各民族的民间童话以幻想的形式,形象地展现了人的伦理选择。首先是童话世界里的神(天女、龙女等)恋慕人间美景与人的生活方式,渴望与人生养后代,这是一种伦理选择,象征着人在与自然告别之后,选择了获取人的道德本质。其次是很多民间童话讲述了“兽”变成“人”的情节,这种荒诞的故事隐含着人的身上兽性因子和人性因子共在的本质特征,人的内心世界善恶并存,且两者常常发生矛盾冲突,童话中的兽变人,实际上就是弃恶扬善的伦理选择。民间童话具有伦理价值,即道德教诲,各民族民间童话都通过具有传奇色彩的故事实现对读者的教诲、鼓励和劝诫,从而帮助儿童择善弃恶,做一个有道德的人。

Folk fairy tales are created by the people,spread among the people for a long time,full of fantasy“ethical art”.Folk fairy tales are narrated under the background of“animism”.In the ethical environment of gods,humans,demons and demons dancing together,they tell stories of gods(elves,animals and plants,etc.)and human being interpermeating and changing.The folk fairy tales of various nationalities in the world vividly show people’s ethical choices in the form of fantasy.First of all,the gods in the fairy tale world(Tienv,Dragon Nv,etc.)love the beauty of the world and people’s way of life,and are eager to live and raise their offspring.This is an ethical choice,symbolizing that people choose to acquire the moral essence of people after bidding farewell to nature.Secondly,a lot of folk fairy tales tells the story of the plot of“beast”become“person”,this kind of bizarre stories of people on the nature of the beast factor and human factor in the total characteristics of people’s inner world,good and evil,and the two often contradictory conflict,the beast in the fairy tale change,is really evil to reward good ethical choice;Folk fairy tales also have ethical value,that is,moral teachings.Folk fairy tales of all nationalities teach,encourage and admonish readers through legendary stories,so as to help children choose good and evil and become a moral person.