中国秋海棠属植物资源概述

A Brief Summary of Chinese Begonia Resources

在野外调查和引种栽培研究基础上,结合文献资料分析,对中国秋海棠属植物的地理分布、形态特征、观赏性状及其栽培特性进行了归纳概述,可为中国秋海棠属植物的种质资源保存和有性杂交育种,以及进一步持续合理开发利用该属植物资源提供依据。结果表明:现已知并发表的中国秋海棠属植物有243种,其中216种为中国特有种,占中国分布种类89%。秋海棠属植物主要分布于我国的南部和西南部地区。其中云南为该属植物的自然分布中心,广西的分布种类也较丰富。该属植物的分布海拔范围为90~3400 m,球状茎类的分布海拔最高,直立茎类次之,根状茎类的分布海拔最低。许多种类的自然分布范围非常狭隘,地区特有性极强,红花和紫花种类稀缺。综合野外调查结果和迁地栽培性状分析发现152种秋海棠独具观赏应用价值。

Based on field investigation,introduction and cultivation experience,and existing literatures,geographical distribution,main morphological characteristics,ornamental values and cultivation traits of Begonia species in China were summarized in this paper.Results indicated that there were 243 Begonia species recorded in China,of which 216 were endemic.They were mainly distributed in southern China,particularly in Yunnan and Guangxi,with SE Yunnan as the natural distribution center.Distribution elevation of Begonia species in China ranges from 90 m to 3400 m.Tuberous species tended to inhabit the highest areas,followed by erect-stemmed ones,and then rhizomatous ones.Many Begonia species were limited to a narrow geographical region and species endemism of this genus was very high.Species with vermilion or purple flowers were scarce.Based on field survey and cultivated trait results,152 species of Begonia plants had unique ornamental value.