大气PM_(2.5)污染对淳安县居民呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响

Effects of atmospheric fine particulate matter on respiratory diseases and symptoms of community residents in Chun'an County

目的分析杭州市淳安县大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))污染对居民呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响,为制定大气污染治理措施提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,于2017—2018年选取淳安县千岛湖镇社区常住居民为调查对象;采用《空气污染(雾霾)对人群健康影响监测工作方案(2016年版)》中的居民健康调查问卷收集人口学信息、呼吸系统疾病和症状,通过杭州市生态环境监测中心千岛湖国控监测站点和杭州市气象信息中心收集空气污染物和气象监测资料。采用广义估计方程模型分析大气PM_(2.5)对居民呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响。结果纳入调查1181人,男性557人,占47.16%;女性624人,占52.84%。年龄为6个月~95岁。急性鼻咽炎(普通感冒)、气管炎/扁桃体炎最常发生,203人次占3.44%。PM_(2.5)日均质量浓度中位数为24μg/m^(3),超标率为2.80%。单污染物模型结果显示,PM_(2.5)增加急性鼻咽炎(普通感冒)、气管炎/扁桃体炎,咳嗽,咳痰,流鼻涕,咽痛和鼻塞的发生风险(滞后3 d时,OR:1.015~1.022,95%CI:1.001~1.037)。双污染物模型结果显示,滞后3 d时,PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)(OR:1.020~1.040,95%CI:1.006~1.070)或O_(3)(OR:1.017~1.024,95%CI:1.005~1.035)共同作用时对呼吸系统疾病和症状的效应值大于PM_(2.5)单独作用的效应值。结论淳安县大气PM_(2.5)暴露可能促进社区居民呼吸系统疾病和症状的发生。

Objective To evaluate the impact of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))on respiratory diseases and symptoms of community residents in Chun'an County,so as to provide the basis for air pollution treatment strategies.Methods Using the cluster random sampling method,the permanent residents in Qiandaohu Town of Chun'an County were investigated from 2017 to 2018.The demographic information,respiratory diseases and symptoms were collected by using Surveillance Plan for the Impact of Air Pollution(Haze)on health(2016 Edition).The air pollutants and meteorological data were collected through Qiandaohu station of Hangzhou Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center and Hangzhou Meteorological Information Center.The effects of PM_(2.5) on respiratory diseases and symptoms of residents were analyzed with generalized estimating equation.Results Totally 1181 people aged 6 months to 95 years were recruited,including 557(47.16%)males and 624(52.84%)females.Acute nasopharyngitis(common cold)and tracheitis/tonsillitis occurred most frequently,with 203 cases,accounting for 3.44%.The median of daily average concentration of PM_(2.5) was 24μg/m^(3),with the standard exceeding rate of 2.80%.The results showed that PM_(2.5) increased the risk of acute nasopharyngitis(common cold),tracheitis/tonsillitis,cough,expectoration,runny nose,sore throat and nasal congestion(lag 3 days,OR:1.015-1.022,95%CI:1.001-1.037);the effect of PM_(2.5)+PM_(10)(OR:1.020-1.040,95%CI:1.006-1.070)and PM_(2.5)+O_(3)(OR:1.017-1.024,95%CI:1.005-1.035)was greater than that of PM_(2.5) alone on respiratory diseases and symptoms.Conclusion Atmospheric PM_(2.5) exposure in Chun'an County increases the risk of respiratory diseases and symptoms among community residents.