三轴数控机床静态精度设计研究进展

Research Progress of Static Precision Design of Three Axis CNC Machine Tools

国内三轴数控机床存在精度低和可靠性差的问题,而机床精度和可靠性可通过合理的静态精度设计方法得以保证。机床静态精度设计方法包括加工精度稳健设计方法和静态几何精度设计方法,针对两种精度设计方法的衔接合理性和工程应用实用性低的问题,在深入调研机床静态精度设计研究成果的基础上,从机床空间误差建模、平动轴几何误差元素辨识、关键几何误差元素溯源和加工精度稳健设计以及静态几何精度设计这5个关键问题着手,分别给出具体的解决方法,并形成一套完整的三轴数控机床静态精度设计系统实施方案,为完善机床几何精度设计和静态几何精度设计提供了参考。

Domestic three-axis CNC machine tools have the problems of low accuracy and poor reliability,and the accuracy and reliability of the machine tools can be guaranteed by reasonable static accuracy design methods.The static precision design methods of machine tools include robust design methods of machining precision and static geometric precision design methods.Aiming at the prob⁃lems of the coupling rationality of the two precision design methods and the low practicality of engineering applications,based on the in⁃depth investigation of the static precision design research results of machine tools,from the key problems of the machine tool volumetric error modeling,the geometric error element identification of linear axis,and the key geometric error element traceability,robust design of machining accuracy and static geometric accuracy design,the specific solutions were given respectively,and a complete set of imple⁃mentation schemes of static accuracy design system for three-axis CNC machine tools was formed to improve the geometric accuracy de⁃sign of machine tools.It provides reference for static geometric accuracy design of the machine tool.