翼型型线改变的三叶片H型垂直轴风力机气动特性研究

Research on aerodynamic characteristics of a three-blade H-shaped vertical axis wind turbine with changing airfoil profile

为改善H型垂直轴风力机(VAWT)的气动特性,文章研究了6种翼型型线改变后的翼型对H型VAWT气动特性的影响,并进行了数值模拟计算和风洞试验。风洞试验验证了模拟计算的结果,证明了型线改变后的风力机对提高气动性有积极的作用。试验结果表明:1波浪型风机和Dimple型风机均可在一定叶尖速比(λ)范围内提高风力机的风能利用率,其中1波浪型风力机在低λ下最高可提高风能利用率13.76%,其单叶片切向力在下游区明显增大;Dimple型风力机在高λ下最高可提高风能利用率14.6%,其单叶片切向力在上游区明显增大。两种改型后的翼型均可改善流动分离,并提高VAWT的气动性能。

In order to improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the H-shaped vertical axis wind turbine, we studied the influence of the six types of airfoils with changed line profile on the H-shaped vertical axis wind turbine. The results show that both the 1 wave type wind turbine and the Dimple type wind turbine can increase the wind energy utilization rate of the wind turbine within a certain peak speed ratio range. Between them, the 1 wave type wind turbine can increase the wind energy utilization rate by 13.76% at most at the low peak speed ratio. The tangential force of a single blade increases significantly in the downstream area;while the Dimple type wind turbine can increase the wind energy utilization rate by 14.6% at most at a high peak speed ratio, and the tangential force of a single blade increases significantly in the upstream area. The two kinds of airfoil with changed line profiles can improve the flow separation and the aerodynamic performance of the vertical axis wind turbine.