有机肥与控释复合肥配施对茶叶产量、品质和土壤化学性质的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer and Controlled-Release Compound Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Tea, and Soil Chemistry Properties

合理施肥对于提高茶叶产量和品质具有重要作用。通过3年田间试验,对比研究了6种施肥模式(常规化肥、控释复合肥、常规化肥+有机肥、控释复合肥+有机肥、70%常规化肥+有机肥、70%控释复合肥+有机肥)对茶叶产量、品质和土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明,一次性施用茶树专用控释复合肥能够达到常规化肥1年4次施用的增产效果,并显著提高了夏茶茶叶品质。与单施常规化肥相比,增施有机肥处理的茶叶产量提高10.6%~14.0%,达显著水平(P<0.05),净收益增加8.0%~18.3%,并显著提高了茶叶水浸出物和游离氨基酸总量,降低茶多酚含量和酚氨比。与常规化肥增施有机肥相比,控释复合肥增施有机肥茶叶产量提高了3.0%(P<0.05),净收益增加7.6%~8.5%,夏茶水浸出物含量提高1.34%~1.39%,茶多酚含量降低了2.7%~4.7%,达显著水平(P<0.05)。70%常规化肥+有机肥或70%控释复合肥+有机肥处理的茶叶产量及品质与全量施肥增施有机肥处理相比均无显著性差异。在培肥土壤方面,增施有机肥处理显著提高了茶园0~20 cm土层土壤pH、有机质、全氮和速效氮含量。因此,从施肥方便性、茶叶产量、经济效益、茶叶品质和培肥土壤方面综合考虑,与施用常规化肥相比,控释复合肥减少用量30%并增施有机肥是最优推荐施肥措施。

The reasonable fertilization plays an important role to promote the yield and the quality of tea. A three-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of six fertilization modes(common fertilizer, CF;controlledrelease compound fertilizer, CRF;CF + organic fertilizer, CF + OF;CRF + OF;70%CF + OF;70% CRF + OF) on soil chemistry, yield and quality of tea leaves. The results showed that under the same amount of fertilizer, the single application of CRF to tea tree could achieve the same effect of increasing yield by the ordinary CF applied 4 times per year, and significantly improved the quality of summer tea as well. Compared with the CF application alone, the organic fertilizer application could significantly increase the yield of tea leaves by 10.6% ~ 14.0% and promote the net income by 8.0% ~ 18.3%. Moreover, it significantly increased the tea water extracts and the free amino acids, reduced the contents of tea polyphenols and the phenol-ammonia ratio. Compared with the CF + OF treatment, the CRF + OF treatment significantly improved the yield of tea leaves by 3.0% and promote the net income by 7.6% ~ 8.5%.Meanwhile, the contents of summer tea extracts were increased by 1.34% ~ 1.39%, while the contents of tea polyphenols were decreased by 2.7% ~ 4.7%. There were no significantly differences in the yield and the quality of tea leaves between the treatments with 70% CF + OF or 70% CRF + OF and those with 100%fertilizer application + OF.The organic fertilizer application significantly increased soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen in the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer. In general, from the aspects of fertilization convenience, tea yield, net income, quality and soil nutrient, the combined application of CRF with 30% reduction and organic fertilizer would the best recommended fertilization measure.