微塑料污染对土壤环境质量和微生物生态学特性的影响研究进展

Impacts of Microplastics on Soil Environmental Quality and Microbial Ecological Characteristics:A Review

微塑料这一新兴污染物已成为全球性普遍关注的重要环境问题,近年来,土壤微塑料污染也越来越受到重视。本文从土壤环境质量和微生物生态学特性的角度,综述了近几年国内外土壤微塑料污染的相关研究进展,主要包括以下几个方面:(1)微塑料对土壤物理性质和养分有效性的影响;(2)微塑料对土壤污染物的吸附和解吸作用;(3)微塑料对土壤酶活性、微生物群落结构和抗生素抗性基因的影响;(4)"微塑料圈"中微生物的群落结构及其与土壤中微生物的生态位分异特征。最后针对土壤微塑料的重点研究方向提出展望,为今后土壤微塑料污染的研究提供了科学思路。

Microplastic,as an emerging contaminant,has become one of the important environmental concerns around the world.In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to soil microplastic pollution.From the perspective of soil environmental quality and microbial ecological characteristics,the present situation of microplastic pollution in soil ecosystem had been summed up based on the recent developments in this paper,the main aspects were covered:(1)Influences of microplastics on soil physical properties and nutrient availability;(2)The adsorption and desorption of microplastic on soil pollutants;(3)Effects of microplastic on soil enzyme activity,microbial community structures and antibiotic resistance genes;(4)The characterization of microbial communities in"microplastisphere"and their niche differentiation characteristics compared with the relative soil environments.Finally,future research directions were proposed,which might offer the scientific thoughts for studies of soil microplastic pollution.