高校学生雇员身份的认定及其规范构造

Identification of College Student Employees and Its Normative Structure

高校学生是否具有雇员身份,在我国司法实践中存在严重分歧。无论是原劳动部309号文第12条的基本立场,还是各学说争论背后所蕴含的共识,均表明学生雇员身份认定的首要问题在于如何处理劳动和教育的关系。在我国高校教育管理和劳动关系调整模式之下,采取劳动和教育的“两分法”认定学生的雇员身份具有可行性,即基于实质的内容识别劳动要素和教育要素,以确定学生用工属于教育关系还是经济关系。只有排除学生用工中作为教育的特殊性要素,才能在经济关系中按照一般性的标准作出学生雇员身份的认定。“两分法”的思路遵循了雇员身份判断的一般性规则,解决了无法可依的困境,并具有重要的教育意义。面对学生用工多样化的现实状况,劳动法和教育法应当在制度上对学生雇员身份采取开放的态度,确立差异化的保护政策,共同推进教育改革和司法实践的发展,从而使劳动与教育关系能够得到妥善的处理。

There are serious differences in the judicial practice in China regarding whether college students have employee status.According to both the position of Article 12 of Circular No.309 of the former Ministry of Labor and the consensus behind the arguments of various theories,the primary issue of student employee identification is how to deal with the relationship between labor and education.Under the mode of education management and labor relations adjustment in colleges and universities in China,it is feasible to identify students’employee status by a dichotomous approach of labor and education.It is to identify labor elements and educational elements based on substantive content so as to determine whether a student’s employment is educational relation or economic relation.Only by excluding the employment of students as a special element of education,can the identification of student employee status be made in accordance with the general standards in the economic relationship.A dichotomous approach follows the general rules of employee identification,solves the problem of lack of legal basis,and has important educational significance.In the face of a diversified student employment reality,the labor law and education law should adopt an open attitude to students’employee status in their institutional regulations,make differential protection policies,and jointly promote the development of education reform and judicial practice,so that the labor relationship and the education relationship can be handled properly.