“十三五”时期考试招生制度改革分析与“十四五”规划建议

An Analysis of the Examination and Enrollment System Reform in the 13th National Five-Year Plan Period and Suggestions for the 14th Five-Year Plan

深化考试招生综合改革是“十四五”时期深化教育改革的重要议题。基于政策工具理论视角,从“政策主题-政策环节-政策工具”三个维度构建分析框架,以“十三五”时期中共中央、国务院以及各部委颁布的考试招生相关的政策文本为分析对象析理其特点经验,并以此为基点探寻“十四五”时期我国考试招生制度改革所需的着力点。研究发现,“十三五”期间考试招生制度改革具有政策工具涵盖主题全面、内部环节比例均衡、政策工具种类多元、发文机构规格高、政策等级效力强等显著特点,保障和促进了该政策的稳步推进;但同时也呈现出不同政策主题的政策工具供给比例不均、外部环节关注度低、不同类型政策工具使用比例不平衡、发文主体单一、政策协同力低等问题。面向“十四五”,考试招生制度改革政策需着重推进高职院校分类考试改革,加强监督管理环节政策工具供给,优化调整不同类型政策工具的使用结构,促进部门协同提升政策合力。

It is an important issue of the education reform in the 14th National Five-year Plan period to deepen the comprehensive reform of examination and enrollment system.From the perspective of policy instruments,this study constructs an analysis framework from three dimensions,i.e.,policy theme,policy link,and policy instrument.Taking the policy texts related to examination and enrollment issued by the CPC Central Committee,the State Council and various ministries and commissions during the 13th National Five-year Plan period as the objects,this paper analyzes the characteristics therein,based on which it puts forward policy suggestions for the reform of examination and enrollment system in the 14th National Five-year Plan period.It is found that during the 13th Five-year Plan period the policies are characterized by diverse themes,balanced internal links,multiple policy instruments,high levels of policy-making authorities,and high policy effectiveness,which guarantee and promote the steady progress of the policy.At the same time,however,there are some problems,such as poor structure of policy themes,low attention on the external links,poor structure of instruments,unitary policy-making authorities and fragmented collaboration between the sectors.In the 14th Five-year Plan,the reform of examination and enrollment system should focus on promoting the reform of classified examination in higher vocational colleges,strengthening the supply of policy instruments in supervision and management,optimizing the structure of policy instruments,and promoting the coordination between different sectors.