美国早期家庭教育指导模式研究——基于加利福尼亚州州县两级“最初五年”项目

A Study of the Guidance Model of Early Childhood Family Education in the US Based on the“First 5 California”Program at the State and County Levels

早期家庭教育具有重要价值。随着“全面三孩”政策的颁布与实施,推进早期家庭教育指导、建立普惠性且有质量的公共托育服务体系是当前社会的强烈需求和核心共识。美国将儿童、家庭与社区看作是一个整体,从联邦到各州均出台了一系列保障儿童及家庭的政策文件,并在各州各县通过不同的项目广泛应用。加利福尼亚州“最初五年”(First 5 California)项目是早期家庭教育指导方面极具代表性的项目之一,其目的在于建立综合、全面、协作的信息和服务系统,以促进儿童最好的早期发展,确保儿童已准备好入学并充分发挥其潜力。梳理美国国家性政策以及加利福尼亚州州县两级“最初五年”项目,借鉴国外发达地区的早期家庭教育指导管理体制、供给机制、督导评估机制做法,这一指导模式从理念、组织与管理、形式与内容三方面为我国早期家庭教育提供了思路,并为我国发达地区构建基于社区的早期家庭教育指导模式提供丰富的实践经验资源。

Early childhood family education is of great value.With the gradual implementation of“comprehensive three-child”policy in China,it is a strong demand and core consensus of the society to promote the guidance of early family education and establish an inclusive and quality public childcare service system.The United States regards children,families and communities as a whole.A series of policy instruments to protect children and families have been issued from the federal governments to all the states,which have been widely implemented in various states and counties through various programs.The“First 5 California”Program is one of the most representative in early childhood family education guidance.The purpose of the program is to promote,establish and implement an integrated,comprehensive and collaborative information and service system to promote the best early development of children and ensure that children are ready for school and reach their full potential.By combing the US national policies and the“First 5 California”Program at the state and county levels,this study sheds light on the guidance and management system,supply mechanism,supervision and evaluation mechanism of early family education in developed countries,provides reference and ideas for early family education in China from three aspects,i.e.,philosophy,organization and management,form and content,and provides resources of practical experience for the construction of community-based guidance model of early childhood family education in developed regions in China.