全球铯矿资源现状及其综合利用技术分析

Analysis on the Current Situation of Global Cesium Resources and its Comprehensive Utilization Technology

铯作为一种非常贵重的稀有碱性金属,广泛应用于传统领域中化工、生物、医药、物理、电子器件和特种玻璃等产业,以及新兴领域中航空航天、新型能源和信息科学等产业。全球铯矿资源主要分布在澳大利亚、加拿大、纳米比亚和津巴布韦等国。美国、日本和德国则是全球最主要的铯矿资源消费国,其在新兴领域中的应用占比较高。与此不同的是铯矿在我国作为非优势矿产,在开发利用程度和二次回收利用方面也远落后于美国、日本、德国等,且主要应用于传统领域行业。目前全球铯的提取主要集中于固体矿产中,但随着工业技术的发展,液体矿产将成为未来开发重点,目前固体铯矿资源提取工艺主要包含酸法浸取、碱分解法、离子交换法以及沉淀法等。针对我国铯矿资源开发中存在的一些问题,为了保证我国铯矿资源产业链的可持续健康发展,提出要加强全球铯矿资源产业和技术信息交流,提高铯矿资源采、选、冶、深加工环节技术水平并扩大应用领域,鼓励我国企业参与全球并购和布局铯金属产业链等建议。

As a very valuable rare metal mineral,it was widely used in traditional fields of chemical engineering,biology,medicine,physics,electronic devices and emerging fields of aviation,energy,information science and other industries.Cesium mineral resources in the world are mainly distributed in Australia,Canada,Namibia,Zimbabwe and other countries.The United States and Japan are the world’s most important consumers of cesium resources.Their development and utilization accounts were a high proportion in emerging fields.As a non-dominant mineral,cesium resources of China lags far behind the United States,Japan and other countries in terms of development and utilization degree and secondary recycling.It is mainly used in traditional fields and industries.At present cesium extraction is mainly concentrated from orebody minerals,but liquid minerals will become the focus of future development.The extraction process mainly includes acid leaching,alkali decomposition,ion exchange and precipitation.In order to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of China’s cesium resource industry chain,suggestions are put forward to strengthen the global cesium resource industry and technical information exchange;improve the technical level of cesium resource mining,separation,metallurgy and deep processing and expand the application fields;encourage Chinese enterprises to participate in global mergers and acquisitions and layout of cesium metal industry chain.