溶解态钼钒深度分离技术研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospect of Deep Separation Technology for Dissolved Molybdenum and Vanadium

钼、钒作为重要的战略金属,在国民经济、国防军工等领域具有难以替代的关键作用。随着功能材料、电子元器件等尖端技术领域的快速发展,大批催化剂、靶材进入报废期,随之产生大量富含Mo/V等战略金属的固体废弃物。上述二次资源中钼、钒等有价金属含量高,经济价值大,且部分固体废弃物被列为危废,实现二次资源中钼、钒的选择性分离及资源化利用,对缓解环保压力、保障国家资源安全、国防安全和战略性新兴产业发展需求意义重大。系统分析了我国钼、钒矿产资源及二次资源概况;重点探讨了溶解态(游离离子)钼、钒选择性深度分离技术的研究现状,归纳总结了常见钼、钒分离技术如化学沉淀、离子交换、溶剂萃取的方法原理、过程特点及发展空间;最后提出采用离子浮选/溶剂萃取耦合技术(即浮游萃取)强化钼、钒选择性深度分离的建议,并对未来钼、钒分离技术的发展前景进行展望。

Molybdenum and vanadium,as important strategic metals,play an irreplaceable key role in the national economy,national defense and military industry and other fields.With the rapid development of cutting-edge technology fields,such as functional materials and electronic components,a large number of spent catalysts and targets were produced,resulting in a large amount of solid waste containing Mo/V and other strategic metals.The secondary resources mentioned above containing high content of valuable metals such as molybdenum and vanadium have great economic value,but part of the solid waste wasdefined as hazardous waste.It is of great significance for relieving the pressure on environmental protection,ensuring national resource security,national defense security,and the development needs of strategic emerging industries torealize elective separation and resource utilization of molybdenum and vanadium in the secondary resources.This paper systematically analyzed the general situation of our country's molybdenum and vanadium mineral resources and secondary resources,focused on the research progress of deep selective separation technique for dissolved molybdenum and vanadium,summarized the common principle of the method,process characteristics and development directionof molybdenum and vanadium separation technology.Finally,a feasible strategy by using ion flotation/solvent extraction coupling technology(floating-extraction)to enhance the selective deep separation of molybdenum and vanadium was proposed,and the development prospects of the separation technology were prospected.