纳米纤维素的制备及其在水凝胶领域的应用研究进展

Research Advances in the Preparation of Nanocellulose and Its Applications in the Field of Hydrogels

纳米纤维素基水凝胶是一类将纳米纤维素和高分子聚合物有机结合的复合水凝胶,具有优异的吸水性、保水性,良好的力学性能、生物相容性和生物降解性,已被证明是具有广泛应用前景的功能性高分子材料。本文主要综述了纳米纤维素制备方法(如物理机械法、化学法、生物法和混合法)、纳米纤维素基水凝胶常用制备方法(包括物理交联法和化学交联法)及其应用领域(如食品包装、生物医药、污水处理和能源电子等);最后通过对现有研究归纳总结,探讨当前影响纳米纤维素基水凝胶发展的主要问题,从性能、改性方法和应用领域等方面对纳米纤维素基水凝胶研究发展进行展望,以期为新型纳米纤维素基水凝胶的快速发展提供参考。

Nanocellulose-based hydrogels,a type of composite hydrogels which organically combine nanocellulose and polymer,have been proved to be functional polymer materials with plentiful application prospects because of their excellent water absorption,water retention,mechanical properties,biocompatibility,and biodegradability.In this review,the general synthetic strategies applied to prepare nanocellulose,including physical,chemical,biological,and hybrid methods,were briefly introduced.The common preparation methods of nanocellulose-based hydrogels,such as physical crosslinking and chemical crosslinking methods,were further discussed.In addition,the applications of nanocellulose-based hydrogels in food packaging,biomedicine,sewage treatment,and energy electronics were reviewed.Finally,by summarizing the existing research,the main problems affecting the development of nanocellulose-based hydrogels were discussed,and the research progress of nanocellulose-based hydrogels in terms of properties,modification methods,and application fields were prospected in order to provide reference for the rapid development of new nanocellulose-based hydrogels.